Abstract
Episodic Memory (EM) abilities are important for many types of intelligent virtual agents (IVAs). However, the few IVA–EM systems implemented to date utilize indexed logs of events as the underlying memory representation, which makes it hard to model some crucial facets of human memory, including hierarchical organization of episodes, reconstructive memory retrieval, and encoding of episodes with respect to previously learnt schemata. Here, we present a new general framework for EM modeling, DyBaNeM, which capitalizes on bayesian representation and, consequently, enables modeling these (and other) features easily. By means of a proof-of-concept implementation, we demonstrate that our approach to EM modeling is promising, at least for domains of moderate complexity.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, J.: A Spreading Activation Theory of Memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22, 261–295 (1983)
Bartlett, F.: Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1932)
Bickmore, T., Schulman, D., Yin, L.: Engagement vs. Deceit: Virtual Humans with Human Autobiographies. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds.) IVA 2009. LNCS, vol. 5773, pp. 6–19. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Blaylock, N., Allen, J.: Fast Hierarchical Goal Schema Recognition. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2006), pp. 796–801 (2006)
Brom, C., Burkert, O., Kadlec, R.: Timing in Episodic Memory for Virtual Characters. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 305–312 (2010)
Brom, C., Pešková, K., Lukavský, J.: What Does Your Actor Remember? Towards Characters with a Full Episodic Memory. In: Cavazza, M., Donikian, S. (eds.) ICVS 2007. LNCS, vol. 4871, pp. 89–101. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Bui, H.: A general model for online probabilistic plan recognition. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1309–1318 (2003)
Deutsch, T., Gruber, A., Lang, R., Velik, R.: Episodic memory for autonomous agents. In: Human System Interactions (HSI 2008), pp. 621–626 (2008)
Dias, J., Ho, W.C., Vogt, T., Beeckman, N., Paiva, A., André, E.: I Know What I Did Last Summer: Autobiographic Memory in Synthetic Characters. In: Paiva, A., Prada, R., Picard, R.W. (eds.) ACII 2007. LNCS, vol. 4738, pp. 606–617. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Dodd, W., Gutierrez, R.: The Role of Episodic Memory and Emotion in a Cognitive Robot. In: IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, ROMAN 2005, pp. 692–697 (2005)
Gallo, D.: Associative illusions of memory: False memory research in DRM and related tasks. Psychology Press (2006)
Gemrot, J., Kadlec, R., Bída, M., Burkert, O., Píbil, R., Havlíček, J., Zemčák, L., Šimlovič, J., Vansa, R., Štolba, M., Plch, T., Brom, C.: Pogamut 3 Can Assist Developers in Building AI (Not Only) for Their Videogame Agents. In: Dignum, F., Bradshaw, J., Silverman, B., van Doesburg, W. (eds.) Agents for Games and Simulations. LNCS, vol. 5920, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Ho, W.C., Dautenhahn, K., Nehaniv, C.: Computational Memory Architectures for Autobiographic Agents Interacting in a Complex Virtual Environment: A Working Model. Connection Science 20(1), 21–65 (2008)
Itti, L., Baldi, P.: Bayesian surprise attracts human attention. Vision Research 49(10), 1295–1306 (2009)
Kadlec, R., Brom, C.: DyBaNeM: Bayesian Framework for Episodic Memory Modelling. In: The 12th International Conference on Cognitive Modelling, ICCM (in press, 2013)
Kadlec, R., Brom, C.: Unifying episodic memory models for artificial agents with activity recognition problem and compression algorithms: review of recent work and prospects. Tech. rep. (2013)
Kadlec, R., Čermák, M., Behan, Z., Brom, C.: Generating Corpora of Activities of Daily Living and Towards Measuring the Corpora’s Complexity. In: Dignum, F., Brom, C., Hindriks, K., Beer, M., Richards, D. (eds.) CAVE 2012. LNCS, vol. 7764, pp. 149–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Koller, D., Friedman, N.: Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques. The MIT Press (2009)
Kopp, S., Gesellensetter, L., Krämer, N.C., Wachsmuth, I.: A Conversational Agent as Museum Guide – Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Application. In: Panayiotopoulos, T., Gratch, J., Aylett, R.S., Ballin, D., Olivier, P., Rist, T. (eds.) IVA 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3661, pp. 329–343. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Kullback, S.: Statistics and information theory (1959)
Lim, M.Y.: Memory models for intelligent social companions. In: Zacarias, M., de Oliveira, J.V. (eds.) Human-Computer Interaction. SCI, vol. 396, pp. 241–262. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Lim, M., Aylett, R., Enz, S., Ho, W.: Forgetting Through Generalisation — A Companion with Selective Memory. In: AAMAS 2011, pp. 1119–1120 (2011)
Nuxoll, A.M., Laird, J.E.: Enhancing intelligent agents with episodic memory. Cognitive Systems Research 17-18, 34–48 (2012)
Rabe, F., Wachsmuth, I.: Cognitively Motivated Episodic Memory for a Virtual Guide. In: ICAART, pp. 524–527 (2012)
Schank, R.C.: Dynamic memory revisited. Cambridge University Press (1999)
Subagdja, B., Wang, W., Tan, A.H., Tan, Y.S., Teow, L.N.: Memory Formation, Consolidation, and Forgetting in Learning Agents. In: AAMAS 2012, pp. 1007–1014 (2012)
Tulving, E.: Elements of Episodic Memory. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1983)
Čermák, M., Kadlec, R., Brom, C.: Towards modeling false memory using virtual characters: a position paper. In: Symposium on Human Memory for Artificial Agents, AISB, pp. 25–29 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kadlec, R., Brom, C. (2013). DyBaNeM: Bayesian Episodic Memory Framework for Intelligent Virtual Agents. In: Aylett, R., Krenn, B., Pelachaud, C., Shimodaira, H. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8108. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40415-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40415-3_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40414-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40415-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)