Abstract
In June 2008, a continuous injection of CO2 into the subsurface of Ketzin (approx. 25 km West of Berlin, Germany) was commenced for research purposes. By May 20112 A total of 61,396 t CO2 had been injected into the deep underground in a sandstone aquifer without any safety-related disturbances and abiding by the Federal Mining Law regulations. The initial project layout using 1 injection well and 2 observation wells was further developed in 2011 by drilling a shallow well for monitoring in the upper groundwater horizon and in 2012 by drilling another observation well for additional monitoring and the extraction of CO2 flooded samples from the reservoir. The monitoring concept developed consisted of continuous measurements of surface and underground pressure and temperature (P/T), wellbore logging campaigns including reservoir saturation and wellbore integrity measurements, gas-, hydro-, and geochemical sampling, as well as differently scaled geoelectric and seismic measurements. Besides its scientific benefits, the monitoring concept provided all the data needed for a safe and reliable operation. Furthermore, the data provided important insights into the reservoir behaviour, which can be transferred to other locations. Compared to the operational engineering of underground storage of natural gas, which has been an established secure technology for decades, differences were found in the detection of the gas distribution and the installation design of the P/T tools. The long-term experiences in natural gas storage of the operator VGS and the subcontractors UGS and ESK turned out to be essential for the effective and secure integration of best practise operational reservoir monitoring at the CO2 storage pilot site Ketzin. Based on this the next step should be to transfer the experiences gained within the scope of this project to an industrial scale, on-shore CO2 storage project as soon as possible.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bachu, S.: Sequestration of CO2 in geological media, criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change. Energy Conversion Management 41, 953–970 (2000)
Bradshaw, J., Bachu, S., Bonijoly, D., Burruss, R., Holloway, S., Christensen, N.P., Mathiassen, O.M.: CO2 storage capacity estimation, issues and development of standards. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 1, 62–68 (2007)
Förster, A., Schöner, R., Förster, H.J., Norden, B., Blaschke, A.W., Luckert, J., Beutler, G., Gaupp, R., Rhede, D.: Reservoir characterization of a CO2 storage aquifer. The Upper Triassic Stuttgart Formation in the Northeast German Basin. Marine Petrol Geol. 27, 2156–2172 (2010)
Kempka, T., Kühn, M., Class, H., Frykman, P., Kopp, A., Nielsen, C.M., Probs, P.: Modelling of CO2 arrival time at Ketzin – Part I. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4(6), 1007–1015 (2010)
Henninges, J., Liebscher, A., Bannach, A., Brandt, W., Hurter, S., Köhler, S., Möller, F.: CO2SINK Group, P-T-ρ and two-phase fluid conditions with inverted density profile in observation wells at the CO2 storage site at Ketzin (Germany). Energy Procedia 4, 6085–6090 (2011)
Martens, S., Liebscher, A., Möller, F., Würdemann, H., Schilling, F., Kühn, M., Ketzin Group: Progress report on the first European on-shore CO2 storage site at Ketzin (Germany) – Second year of injection. Energy Procedia 4, 3246–3253 (2011)
Möller, F., Liebscher, A., Martens, S., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Kühn, M.: Yearly operational datasets of the CO2 storage pilot site Ketzin, Germany. Scientific Technical Report (2012), doi:10.2312/GFZ.b103-12066
Norden, B., Förster, A., Vu-Hang, D., Marcelis, F., Springer, N., Le Nir, I.: Lithological and Petrophysical Core-Log Interpretation in CO2SINK, the European CO2 On-shore Research Storage and Verification Project. SPE Reserv. Eval. & Engin. 13, 179–192 (2010)
Prevedel, B., Wohlgemuth, L., Henninges, J., Krüge, K., Norden, B., Förster, A., CO2SINK Drilling Group: The CO2SINK boreholes for geological storage testing. Scientific Drilling 6, 32–37 (2008)
Prevedel, B., Wohlgemuth, L., Legarth, B., Henninges, J., Schütt, H., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Norden, B., Förster, A., Hurter, S.: The CO2 SINK boreholes for geological CO2-storage testing. Energy Procedia 1, 2087–2094 (2009)
Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Bergmann, P., Kießling, D., Krüger, K., Rücker, C., Schütt, H., Ketzin Group: Application of a Vertical Electrical Resistivity Array (VERA) for Monitoring CO2 Migration at the Ketzin Site: First Performance Evaluation. Energy Procedia 4, 3363–3370 (2011)
Stoewer, M., Zemke, J., Feldrappe, H.: Site selection criteria for CO2 storage sites and implication for the exploration. In: Proceeding of the Sino-German Conference on Underground Storage of CO2 an Energy, China, Balkema, July 6-13 (2010)
Wiese, B., Böhner, J., Enachescu, C., Würdemann, H., Zimmermann, G.: Hydraulic characterisation of the Stuttgart formation at the pilot test site for CO2 storage, Ketzin, Germany. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4(6), 960–971 (2010)
Würdemann, H., Möller, F., Kühn, M., Heidug, W., Christensen, N.P., Borm, G., Schilling, F., CO2 SINK Group: CO2SINK – From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification, one year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4, 938–951 (2010)
Zemke, J., Stöwer, M., Arnold, C., Becker, W., May, F., Gerling, P., Krull, P.: CO2 Sequestration in Germany – General Conditions and first field studies. In: Proceedings of the 22nd World Gas Conference, Tokyo, June 1-5, p. 12 (2003)
Zimmer, M., Erzinger, J., Kujawa, C., CO2SINK Group: The gas membrane sensor (GMS). A new method for gas measurements in deep boreholes applied at the CO2SINK site. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 5, 995–1001 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Köhler, S. et al. (2013). Operational Reservoir Monitoring at the CO2 Pilot Storage Site Ketzin, Germany. In: Hou, M., Xie, H., Were, P. (eds) Clean Energy Systems in the Subsurface: Production, Storage and Conversion. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37849-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37849-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37848-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37849-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)