Abstract
Scripts are automatically generated by a story generator and subsequently played by virtual agents. The scripts for actors consist of two parts: movements and dialogs, however, the dialogs are insufficiently addressed in current research of story generation, thereby limiting the generated stories. Therefore, our initial goal was to enable story generators to generate dialogs as sets of character-based actions that are integrated with original story plots. This paper presents a speech-act-based dialog generation framework to define the relationship between dialogs and story plots. In addition, we introduce the manner in which agents may improvise scripted dialogs by selecting various courses of actions. Lastly, a sample scenario was generated according to this framework and demonstrated by virtual agents with the Unreal Development Kit. Our initial results indicated that this framework maintains a balance between agency and scripted dialogs, and that improvised dialogs of virtual agents do not affect the consistency of stories.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Austin, J.L.: How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press, London (1962)
Ballmer, T., Brennenstuhl, W.: Speech Act Classification: a Study of the Lexical Analysis of English Speech Activity Verbs. Springer, Berlin (1981)
Campos, A.M., Santos, E.B., Canuto, A.M., Soares, R.G., Alchieri, J.C.: Flexible Framework for Representing Personality in Agents. In: 5th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 97–104. ACM, New York (2006)
Cavazza, M., Charles, F., Mead, S.J.: Interacting with Virtual Characters in Interactive Storytelling. In: 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 318–325. ACM, New York (2002)
Cavazza, M., Charles, F.: Dialogue Generation in Character-based Interactive Storytelling. In: AAAI First Annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference, Marina del Rey, California, USA (2005)
Cavazza, M., Pizzi, D., Charles, F., Vogt, T., Andr, E.: Emotional Input for Character-based Interactive Storytelling. In: 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 313–320. ACM, New York (2009)
Cavazza, M., Pizzi, D.: Narratology for Interactive Storytelling: a Critical Introduction. In: Göbel, S., Malkewitz, R., Iurgel, I. (eds.) TIDSE 2006. LNCS, vol. 4326, pp. 72–83. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Charles, F., Lozano, M., Mead, S.J., Bisquerra, A.F., Cavazza, M.: Planning Formalisms and Authoring in Interactive Storytelling. In: Gobel, S., et al. (eds.) 1st International Conference on Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Darmstadt (2003)
D’Inverno, M., Luck, M.: Understanding Agent Systems. Springer, New York (2004)
Endrass, B., Andr, E., Huang, L., Gratch, J.: A Data-driven Approach to Model Culture-specific Communication Management Styles for Virtual Agents. In: 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 99–108. ACM, New York (2010)
Endrass, B., Rehm, M., Andr, E.: Planning Small Talk Behavior with Cultural Influences for Multiagent Systems. Comput. Speech Lang. 25, 158–174 (2011)
Gebhard, P.: ALMA: A Layered Model of Affect. In: 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 29–36. ACM, New York (2005)
Gervs, P., Daz-Agudo, B., Peinado, F., Hervs, R.: Story Plot Generation Based on CBR. Know.-Based Syst. 18(4-5), 235–242 (2005)
Helmert, M.: Concise Finite-domain Representations for PDDL Planning Tasks. Artif. Intell. 173(5-6), 503–535 (2009)
JACK (Java Agent Compiler and Kernel), http://aosgrp.com/index.html
Karunatillake, N.C., Jennings, N.R., Rahwan, I., McBurney, P.: Dialogue Games that Agents Play Within a Society. Artif. Intell. 173(9-10), 935–981 (2009)
Larsson, S., Traum, D.R.: Information State and Dialogue Management in the TRINDI Dialogue Move Engine Toolkit. Nat. Lang. Eng. 6(3-4), 323–340 (2000)
Mairesse, F., Walker, M.: PERSONAGE: Personality Generation for Dialogue. In: 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, pp. 496–503. ACL, Stroudsburg (2007)
Mateas, M., Stern, A.: Structuring Content in the Faade Interactive Drama Architecture. In: First Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference, pp. 93–98. AAAI, Palo Alto (2005)
Mehrabian, A.: Pleasure-arousal-dominance: A General Framework for Describing and Measuring Individual Differences in Temperament. Curr. Psychol. 14(4), 261–292 (1996)
Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)
Piwek, P., Hernault, H., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M.: T2D: Generating Dialogues between Virtual Agents Automatically from Text. In: Pelachaud, C., Martin, J.-C., André, E., Chollet, G., Karpouzis, K., Pelé, D. (eds.) IVA 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4722, pp. 161–174. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Porteous, J., Cavazza, M., Charles, F.: Narrative Generation through Characters’ Point of View. In: 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 1297–1304. ACM, New York (2010)
Propp, V.: Morphology of the Folktale. University of Texas Press (1968)
Riedl, M.O., Young, R.M.: An Intent-Driven Planner for Multi-Agent Story Generation. In: 3rd International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 186–193. ACM, New York (2004)
Riedl, M.O., Young, R.M.: Narrative Planning: Balancing Plot and Character. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 39, 217–268 (2010)
Riedl, M.O., Sugandh, N.: Story Planning with Vignettes: Toward Overcoming the Content Production Bottleneck. In: Spierling, U., Szilas, N. (eds.) ICIDS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5334, pp. 168–179. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Rowe, J.P., Ha, E.Y., Lester, J.C.: Archetype-Driven Character Dialogue Generation for Interactive Narrative. In: Prendinger, H., Lester, J., Ishizuka, M. (eds.) IVA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5208, pp. 45–58. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Thiebaux, M., Marsella, S., Marshall, A.N., Kallmann, M.: SmartBody: Behavior Realization for Embodied Conversational Agents. In: 7th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 151–158. ACM, New York (2008)
Traum, D., Rickel, J., Gratch, J., Marsella, S.: Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-agent Teams for Simulation-based Training. In: 2nd International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 441–448. ACM, New York (2003)
Traum, D., Swartout, W., Marsella, S., Gratch, J.: Virtual Humans for Non-team Interaction Training. In: AAMAS Workshop on Creating Bonds with Embodied Conversational Agents (2005)
Unreal Development Kit 3, http://www.udk.com/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kao, E.CC., Soo, VW. (2012). Dialog Designs in Virtual Drama: Balancing Agency and Scripted Dialogs. In: Beer, M., Brom, C., Dignum, F., Soo, VW. (eds) Agents for Educational Games and Simulations. AEGS 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7471. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32326-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32326-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32325-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32326-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)