Abstract
The explosion of the Internet’s routing tables has been a concern in the last years. Specially after IANA assigned the last /8 prefixes on the 3rd of February, 2011, two fronts are open for the Internet community: the growth of the IPv4 routing table due to fragmentation introduced by the last assignments made by RIR and the strategy to follow for the new IPv6 Internet. This paper analyses the behaviour of the IPv4 routing table in the Internet’s Default Free Zone in 2010 and presents the evolution and the current status of the IPv6 routing table in the DFZ. These paper also presents a prototype implementation of the routing architecture based on parallel routing tables. This prototype implementation was tested in an emulated environment using Netkit. This implementation demonstrates that parallel routing tables are an easy and clean alternative to current practises in order to avoid routing configurations that intend to have effect on a scoped area of the Internet are leaked outside it. This characteristic makes parallel routing tables a good candidate for Traffic Engineering configurations in IPv6.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gutiérrez, P.A.A.: Revisiting the Impact of Traffic Engineering Techniques on the Internet’s Routing Table. In: Pentikousis, K., Agüero, R., García-Arranz, M., Papavassiliou, S. (eds.) MONAMI 2010. LNICST, vol. 68, pp. 26–37. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Ballani, H., Francis, P., Cao, T.: ViAggre: Making Routers Last Longer! In: Seventh ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. ACM (November 2008)
Bush, R., Carr, B., Karrenberg, D., O’Reilly, N., Sury, O., Titley, N., Yilmaz, F., Wijte, I.: IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region. RIPE Address Policy Working Group Document ripe-492, RIPE (February 2010)
Carr, B., Sury, O., Martinez, J.P., Davidson, A., Evans, R., Yilmaz, F., Wijte, I.: IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy. RIPE Address Policy Working Group Document ripe-512, RIPE (February 2011)
Cheng, P., Zhao, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, L.: Longitudinal study of BGP monitor session failures. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 40, 34–42 (2010)
Daneman, M.: Global Crossing sold for 3 Billion Dollars to Level 3 Communications (April 2011), http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20110412/BUSINESS/104120311/0/PODCAST07/Global-Crossing-sold-3B-Level-3-Communications?odyssey=navhead
Draves, R., King, C., Venkatachary, S., Zill, B.D.: Constructing Optimal IP Routing Tables. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 88–97 (1999)
Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., Lewis, D.: Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP). Internet-Draft draft-farinacci-lisp-12, Internet Engineering Task Force (March 2009) (expired)
IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry (February 2011), http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ipv4-address-space.xml (last visit March 30, 2011)
Ishiguro, K.: GNU Zebra (2003), http://www.zebra.org (last visit April 09, 2011)
INTERSECTION (INfrastructure for heTErogeneous, Resilient, SEcure, Complex, Tightly Inter-Operating Networks) (January 2008), http://www.intersection-project.eu/ (last visit June 25, 2010)
Khare, V., Jen, D., Zhao, X., Liu, Y., Massey, D., Wang, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, L.: Evolution towards global routing scalability. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 28(8), 1363–1375 (2010)
Labovitz, C., Iekel-Johnson, S., McPherson, D., Oberheide, J., Jahanian, F.: Internet inter-domain traffic. In: SIGCOMM 2010, pp. 75–86 (2010)
Lad, M., Massey, D., Pei, D., Wu, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, L.: PHAS: A Prefix Hijack Alert System (2006)
Li, T., Fernando, R., Abley, J.: The AS_PATHLIMIT Path Attribute (2001), http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-idr-as-pathlimit-03 (last visit: January 17, 2010)
Liu, Y., Zhao, X., Nam, K., Wang, L., Zhang, B.: Incremental Forwarding Table Aggregation. In: GLOBECOM, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2010)
Meyer, D., Lewis, D.: Architectural Implications of Locator/ID Separation. Internet-Draft draft-meyer-loc-id-implications-01, Internet Engineering Task Force (January 2009) (expired)
Moskowitz, R., Nikander, P.: Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Architecture. RFC 4423 (Informational) (May 2006)
Pizzonia, M., Rimondini, M.: Netkit: easy emulation of complex networks on inexpensive hardware. In: de Leon, M.P. (ed.) TRIDENTCOM, p. 7. ICST (2008)
Quagga Routing Suite (December 2009), http://www.quagga.net (last visit April 09, 2011)
Schapira, M., Zhu, Y., Rexford, J.: Putting BGP on the Right Path: A Case for Next-Hop Routing. In: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. ACM (2010)
Scudder, J., Appanna, C.: Multisession BGP. Internet-Draft draft-scudder-bgp-multisession-00, Internet Engineering Task Force (November 2003) (expired)
Scudder, J., Appanna, C., Varlashkin, I.: Multisession BGP. Internet-Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-multisession-06, Internet Engineering Task Force (March 2011) (work in progress)
Sourceforge: MPLS-Linux project (November 2009), http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/mpls-linux/index.php?title=Main_Page
Uhlig, S., Bonaventure, O.: Designing BGP-based outbound traffic engineering techniques for stub ASes. Comput. Commun. Rev. 34 (2004)
Uhlig, S., Quoitin, B.: Tweak-it: Bgp-based interdomain traffic engineering for transit ass. In: Proc. Next Gen. Internet Networks, pp. 75–82 (2005)
Università Roma Tre; Computer Network Laboratory. Netkit: The poor man’s system to experiment computer networking (December 2009), http://wiki.netkit.org/index.php/Main_Page
Varlashkin, I.: Multisession BGP extensions without new TCP ports. Internet-Draft draft-varlashkin-idr-multisession-same-port-00, Internet Engineering Task Force (April 2010) (expired)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aranda Gutiérrez, P.A. (2012). Flexible Routing with Maximum Aggregation in the Internet. In: Pentikousis, K., Aguiar, R., Sargento, S., Agüero, R. (eds) Mobile Networks and Management. MONAMI 2011. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 97. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30422-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30422-4_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30421-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30422-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)