Abstract
Despite the rapid growing of blockchain technology, the literature shows no evidence of its use in Arab countries’ hospitals, particularly in Saudi Arabia. It is vital to understand the level of user acceptance of any new technology before implementing it. This study aims to identify the various predictors that influence the adoption of blockchain technology in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The framework is based on the technological-organisational-environmental (TOE) framework and developed to investigate IT employees’ points of view to find which predictor will affect blockchain adoption. Understanding these predictors in a better way may help in making sure that blockchain technology, which is still in its initial stages, is implemented in a way that is acceptable to healthcare organisations, so as to promote the meaningful use of the technology. It is expected that the implications of this study will be useful from both a theoretical and practical perspective.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharples, M., Domingue, J.: The blockchain and kudos: a distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward. In: Verbert, K., Sharples, M., Klobučar, T. (eds.) Adaptive and Adaptable Learning, pp. 490–496. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45153-4_48
Swan, M.: Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. O’Reilly Media, Inc. (2015)
Kamble, S., Gunasekaran, A., Arha, H.: Understanding the blockchain technology adoption in supply chains-Indian context. Int. J. Prod. Res. 57(7), 2009–2033 (2019)
Tapscott, D., Tapscott, A.: How blockchain will change organizations. MIT Sloan Manag. Rev. 58(2), 10 (2017)
Lin, I.-C., Liao, T.-C.: A survey of blockchain security issues and challenges. Int. J. Netw. Secur. 19(5), 653–659 (2017)
Moser, M.: Anonymity of bitcoin transactions (2013)
Abeyratne, S.A., Monfared, R.P.: Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger (2016)
Zheng, Z., et al.: An overview of blockchain technology: architecture, consensus, and future trends. In: 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress). IEEE (2017)
Pilkington, M.: Blockchain technology: principles and applications. In: Olleros, F., Zhegu, M. (eds.) Research handbook on digital transformations, pp. 225–253. Edward Elgar Publishing (2016). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717766.00019
Mettler, M.: Blockchain technology in healthcare: the revolution starts here. In: 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). IEEE (2016)
Kuo, T.-T., Kim, H.-E., Ohno-Machado, L.: Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 24(6), 1211–1220 (2017)
Linn, L.A., Koo, M.B.: Blockchain for health data and its potential use in health it and health care related research. In: ONC/NIST Use of Blockchain for Healthcare and Research Workshop. ONC/NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States (2016)
Waxman, J.M., Faget, K., Daniels, B.: Blockchain: A tool with a future in healthcare (2019)
Rabah, K.: Challenges and opportunities for blockchain powered healthcare systems: a review. Mara Research Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 1(1), 45–52 (2017)
Alsulame, K., Khalifa, M., Househ, M.S.: eHealth in Saudi Arabia: current trends. Challenges and Recommendations. ICIMTH 213, 233–236 (2015)
Alkraiji, A., Jackson, T., Murray, I.: Barriers to the widespread adoption of health data standards: an exploratory qualitative study in tertiary healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia. J. Med. Syst. 37(2), 9895 (2013)
Aldosari, B.: Causes of EHR projects stalling or failing: a study of EHR projects in Saudi Arabia. Comput. Biol. Med. 91, 372–381 (2017)
Khalifa, M.: Barriers to health information systems and electronic medical records implementation. A field study of Saudi Arabian hospitals. Procedia Comput. Sci. 21, 335–342 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.044
Abouzahra, M.: Causes of failure in Healthcare IT projects. In: 3rd International Conference on Advanced Management Science. IACSIT Press, Singapore (2011)
Venkatesh, M., Davis, D.: User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly 27(3), 425 (2003). https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Tornatzky, L.G., Fleischer, M., Chakrabarti, A.K.: Processes of technological innovation. Lexington Books (1990)
Chong, A.Y.-L., Chan, F.T.: Structural equation modeling for multi-stage analysis on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) diffusion in the health care industry. Expert Syst. Appl. 39(10), 8645–8654 (2012)
Liu, C.-F.: Key factors influencing the intention of telecare adoption: an institutional perspective. Telemed. e-Health 17(4), 288–293 (2011)
Sulaiman, H., Magaireah. A.I.: Factors affecting the adoption of integrated cloudbased e-health record in healthcare organizations: a case study of Jordan. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Multimedia. IEEE (2014)
Ayoobkhan, A., Asirvatham, D.: Adoption of cloud computing services in healthcare sectors: special attention to private hospitals in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 23(2), 1–10 (2017). https://doi.org/10.9734/CJAST/2017/34597
Abdekhoda, M., Dehnad, A., Zarei, J.: Determinant factors in applying electronic medical records in healthcare. East. Mediterr. Health J. 25(1), 24–33 (2019)
Chang, I.-C., et al.: Factors affecting the adoption of electronic signature: executives’ perspective of hospital information department. Decis. Support Syst. 44(1), 350–359 (2007)
Molati, K., Ilorah, A.I., Moeti. M.N.: Determinant factors influencing the adoption of blockchain across smes in south africa. In: 2021 15th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS). IEEE (2021)
Seshadrinathan, S., Chandra, S.: Exploring factors influencing adoption of blockchain in accounting applications using technology–organization–environment framework. J. Int. Technol. Inf. Manag. 30(1), 30–68 (2021)
Clohessy, T., Acton, T.: Investigating the influence of organizational factors on blockchain adoption: an innovation theory perspective. Ind. Manag. Data Syst. (2019)
Fairooz, H., Wickramasinghe, C.: Innovation and development of digital finance: a review on digital transformation in banking and financial sector of Sri Lanka. Asian J. Econ. Finance Manag. 69–78 (2019)
Holotiuk, F,. Moormann, J.: Organizational adoption of digital innovation: the case of blockchain technology. In: ECIS (2018)
Batubara, F.R., Ubacht, J., Janssen, M.: Challenges of blockchain technology adoption for e-government: a systematic literature review. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age. ACM (2018)
Oliveira, T., Martins, M.F.: Literature review of information technology adoption models at firm level. Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Eval. 14(1), 110 (2011)
Zhu, K., Kraemer, K.L., Dedrick, J.: Information technology payoff in e-business environments: an international perspective on value creation of e-business in the financial services industry. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 17–54 (2004)
Gangwar, H., Date, H., Raoot, A.: Review on IT adoption: insights from recent technologies. J. Enterp. Inf. Manag. 27(4), 488–502 (2014)
Zhu, K., Kraemer, K.L.: Post-adoption variations in usage and value of e-business by organizations: cross-country evidence from the retail industry. Inf. Syst. Res. 16(1), 61–84 (2005)
Aljowaidi, M.: A study of e-commerce adoption using TOE framework in Saudi retailers: firm motivations, implementation and benefits (2015)
Chau, P.Y.K., Tam, K.Y.: Factors affecting the adoption of open systems: an exploratory study. MIS Quarterly 21(1), 1 (1997). https://doi.org/10.2307/249740
Pudjianto, B.W., Zo, H.J.: Factors affecting e-government assimilation in developing countries. In: 4th Communication Policy Research, South Conference, Negombo, Sri Lanka (2009)
Rogers, E.: Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edn, pp. 15–23. ACM The Free Press (Sept. 2001), New York (1995)
Clohessy, T., Acton, T., Rogers, N.: Blockchain adoption: technological, organisational and environmental considerations. In: Business Transformation Through Blockchain, pp. 47–76. Springer (2019)
Holak, S.L., Lehmann, D.R.: Purchase intentions and the dimensions of innovation: An exploratory model. Journal of Product Innovation Management: An International Publication of the Product Development and Management Association 7(1), 59–73 (1990)
Abbas, M., et al.: The effect of innovation and consumer related factors on consumer resistance to innovation. Cogent Bus. Manag. 4(1), 1312058 (2017)
Lee, T.H.: Regression Analysis of Cloud Computing Adoption for US Hospitals (2015)
Faber, S.: Factors influencing eHealth adoption by Dutch hospitals: An empirical study (2014)
Almubarak, S.S.: Factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing by Saudi university hospitals. Computing 8(1) (2017)
Akbulut, A.Y.: An investigation of the factors that influence electronic information sharing between state and local agencies (2003)
Zhang, P., et al.: FHIRChain: applying blockchain to securely and scalably share clinical data. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 16, 267–278 (2018)
Alharbi, F., Atkins, A., Stanier, C.: Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption in Saudi healthcare organisations. Complex Intelligent Syst. 2(3), 155–171 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-016-0021-9
Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Espadanal, M.: Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: an analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors. Inf. Manag. 51(5), 497–510 (2014)
Grandon, E.E., Pearson, J.M.: Electronic commerce adoption: an empirical study of small and medium US businesses. Inf. Manag. 42(1), 197–216 (2004)
Kulkarni, U.R., Robles-Flores, J.A., Popovič, A.: Business intelligence capability: the effect of top management and the mediating roles of user participation and analytical decision making orientation. J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 18(7), 516 (2017)
Castaldo, L., Cinque, V.: Blockchain-based logging for the cross-border exchange of ehealth data in europe. In: Gelenbe, E., Campegiani, P., Czachórski, T., Katsikas, S.K., Komnios, I., Romano, L., Tzovaras, D. (eds.) Security in Computer and Information Sciences: First International ISCIS Security Workshop 2018, Euro-CYBERSEC 2018, London, UK, February 26-27, 2018, Revised Selected Papers, pp. 46–56. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95189-8_5
Dos Santos, R.P.: On the philosophy of bitcoin/blockchain technology: is it a chaotic, complex system? Metaphilosophy 48(5), 620–633 (2017)
Li, B., et al.: Transaction system and key technologies of multi-energy system based on heterogeneous blockchain. Autom. Elect. Power Syst. 4, 183–193 (2018)
Nicoletti, B.: The Future of FinTech. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51415-4
Funk, E., et al.: Blockchain technology: a data framework to improve validity, trust, and accountability of information exchange in health professions education. Acad. Med. 93(12), 1791–1794 (2018)
Iacovou, C.L., Benbasat, I., Dexter, A.S.: Electronic data interchange and small organizations: adoption and impact of technology. MIS Quarterly 19(4), 465 (1995). https://doi.org/10.2307/249629
Wang, Y.-M., Wang, Y.-S., Yang, Y.-F.: Understanding the determinants of RFID adoption in the manufacturing industry. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 77(5), 803–815 (2010)
Cao, Q., Jones, D.R., Sheng, H.: Contained nomadic information environments: technology, organization, and environment influences on adoption of hospital RFID patient tracking. Inf. Manag. 51(2), 225–239 (2014)
Rogers, E.M.: Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York (2003)
Liang, Y., et al.: Exploring the determinant and influence mechanism of e-Government cloud adoption in government agencies in China. Gov. Inf. Q. 34(3), 481–495 (2017)
Crosby, M., et al.: Blockchain technology: Beyond bitcoin. Appl. Innov. 2(6–10), 71 (2016)
Bajpai, P.: Countries where bitcoin is legal and illegal. [cited 2019 25 November]; Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/041515/countries-where-bitcoin-legal-illegal.asp (2019)
Tapscott, D., Tapscott, A.: Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin (2016)
Garcia, A., Mohnen, P.: Impact of government support on R&D and innovation (2010)
Malik, S., Chadhar, M., Chetty, M., Vatanasakdakul, S.: An exploratory study of the adoption of blockchain technology among australian organizations: a theoretical model. In: Themistocleous, M., Papadaki, M., Kamal, M.M. (eds.) Information Systems: 17th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference, EMCIS 2020, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, November 25–26, 2020, Proceedings, pp. 205–220. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63396-7_14
Khan, M.: Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. Defence J. 119(11), 36–42 (2016)
Sadoughi, F., Ali, O., Erfannia, L.: Evaluating the factors that influence cloud technology adoption—comparative case analysis of health and non-health sectors: a systematic review. Health Inform. J. 26(2), 1363–1391 (2020)
Woodside, J.M., Augustine, F.K., Jr., Giberson, W.: Blockchain technology adoption status and strategies. J. Int. Technol. Inf. Manag. 26(2), 65–93 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khwaji, A., Alsahafi, Y., Hussain, F.K. (2022). Conceptual Framework of Blockchain Technology Adoption in Saudi Public Hospitals Using TOE Framework. In: Barolli, L., Miwa, H., Enokido, T. (eds) Advances in Network-Based Information Systems. NBiS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 526. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14314-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14314-4_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-14313-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-14314-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)