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Access and Benefit-Sharing Regime in Argentina: Experiences and Perspectives

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Global Transformations in the Use of Biodiversity for Research and Development

Part of the book series: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ((IUSGENT,volume 95))

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Abstract

Argentina, a rich biodiversity country, has shown interest in regulating access to its genetic resources (GR) and in the distribution of benefits arising from their utilization, a regime internationally known as ABS (Access and Benefit-Sharing). Nevertheless, until recently, the country had not advanced steadily or strategically in the matter. On the other hand, provinces, which are competent to grant access to the GR found within their jurisdictions, have enacted rules which greatly differ from one another in every possible aspect. As a result, access to GR in Argentina has become a challenging effort. Newly adopted Decision No. 410 of 2019 of the Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development, which sets minimum common standards on ABS at the national level, has the capacity to change history. However, its success and effects in reality are yet to be seen. This chapter describes how ABS has been regulated in Argentina so far and which changes have occurred with the new regulation. It focuses on the strengths and challenges the system presents. Lastly, the chapter speculates on the possible effects&spi2;the recently adopted regulation could have in the access to GR.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable (2018).

  2. 2.

    Zuloaga and Belgrano (2015), p. 992.

  3. 3.

    Ojeda et al. (2012), p. 43.

  4. 4.

    López Lanús et al. (2008), p. 10.

  5. 5.

    Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (2016), p. 8.

  6. 6.

    Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2007), p. 4.

  7. 7.

    Argentine Constitution article 12.

  8. 8.

    Argentine Constitution article 41.

  9. 9.

    Law No. 25675/2002 article 6.

  10. 10.

    Argentine Constitution article 41.

  11. 11.

    Administrative Decision No. 226/2010 article 1.

  12. 12.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 16.

  13. 13.

    Administrative Decision No. 226/2010 article 1 and appendix 1.

  14. 14.

    Administrative Decision No. 208/2011 article 1. The Constitution sets competences on environmental issues. The jurisdiction over natural resources, including GR, belongs to the provinces which decide in their provincial rules who the competent authority to grant PIC and permit is.

  15. 15.

    Decision No. 81/2016 article 1.

  16. 16.

    Due to the absence of a national law setting minimum common standards for ABS issues, the Argentine government applied in 2014 for international funds provided in the framework of a GEF/UNDP project. ARG/14/G54 Project “Promoting the application of the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of the benefits deriving from their utilization in Argentina”. Decision No. 410/2019 was a result of this project.

  17. 17.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 articles 1 and 3.

  18. 18.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 3.

  19. 19.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 6.

  20. 20.

    Administrative Decision No. 226/2010 article 4.

  21. 21.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 3.

  22. 22.

    Second meeting of the Experts Inter-ministerial Group on the use of Digital Sequence Information (DSI) of genetic resources held on 5 February, 2018 in Buenos Aires to discuss Argentina’s stance for the Meeting of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG) on Digital Sequence Information (DSI) on Genetic Resources which was held from 13 to 16 February 2018 in Montreal, Canada. In one of the meetings during COP 14 at Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2018 the Argentinian delegation argued that DSI was in the scope of GR. They based their arguments on the interpretation of the Vienna Convention, recognition of genetic information, works prior to the convention which referred to GR not just as material and reference to DSI in early discussions and negotiations (notes of EC Kamau, pers. comms, August 2020).

  23. 23.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 1.

  24. 24.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 4.

  25. 25.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 5.

  26. 26.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 2.

  27. 27.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 4.

  28. 28.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 14.

  29. 29.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019 article 8.

  30. 30.

    Decision No. 409/1996 of the former Argentine Institute of Vegetable Hygiene and Quality.

  31. 31.

    Administrative Decision No. 477/2018 of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development article 1.

  32. 32.

    Decision No. 437/2006 of the SE&SD and Regulatory Decree No. 666/1997 of Fauna Law No. 22421.

  33. 33.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019, annex I (commercial purposes) and III (non-commercial purposes).

  34. 34.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019, annex III.

  35. 35.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019. appendices I and III.

  36. 36.

    Administrative Decision No. 410/2019, annex I.

  37. 37.

    Administrative Decision No. 226/2010 appendix 1, item 6. This is a requirement of article 8 j CBD.

  38. 38.

    Argentine Constitution article 75.1.

  39. 39.

    Decision No. 410/2019 article 12.

  40. 40.

    Decision No. 410/2019 article 15.

  41. 41.

    Administrative Decision No. 226/2010 appendix 1.

  42. 42.

    Administrative Decision No. 40/2015 appendix 6 (Formosa) and Executive Decree No. 474/2002 article 46 (Misiones), for example. The provincial transit guides guarantee the legal origin and tenure of the biological material.

  43. 43.

    Law No. 9-0851/2013 article 11.

  44. 44.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 article 4.

  45. 45.

    Administrative Decision No. 40/2015 article 4.

  46. 46.

    Administrative Decision No. 15/2013 article 5.

  47. 47.

    Law No. 2503/2005 (Neuquén) and Law No. 2993/2007 (Santa Cruz).

  48. 48.

    Administrative Decision No. 570/2012 article 2 (Tierra del Fuego); Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 article 3 (Entre Ríos) and Administrative Decision No. 40/2015 appendix 2, article 3 (Formosa).

  49. 49.

    Decision No. 81/2016 article 2.

  50. 50.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721 of 2014 appendix 3 (Entre Ríos) and Executive Decree No. 474/2002 article 53 (Misiones).

  51. 51.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 appendix 3 (Entre Ríos).

  52. 52.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721 of 2014 appendix 1 (Entre Ríos); Law No. 9-0851/2013 article 18 (San Luis); Law No. 2503 of 2005 article 14 (Neuquén) and Administrative Decision No. 570/2012 appendix 1, item 4 (Tierra del Fuego).

  53. 53.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 appendix 1 (Entre Ríos).

  54. 54.

    Law No. 2503/2005 article 8 (Neuquén) and Law No. 9-0851/ 2013 article 11 (San Luis).

  55. 55.

    Law No. 9-0851/ 2013 article 13.

  56. 56.

    Law No. 2503/2005 article 11.

  57. 57.

    Administrative Decision No. 15/2013 article 7. At present, that would be equivalent to some 70 and 140 euros respectively.

  58. 58.

    Law No. 2503/2005 article 11.

  59. 59.

    Correa (2005), p. 458.

  60. 60.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 article 6.

  61. 61.

    Law No. 9-0851/2013 article 14.

  62. 62.

    Administrative Decision No. 570/2012 article 2.

  63. 63.

    Administrative Decision No. 15/2013 article 22.

  64. 64.

    Law No. 9-0851/2013 article 16.

  65. 65.

    Administrative Decision No. 570/2012 article 2.

  66. 66.

    Administrative Decision No. 1721/2014 article 3.

  67. 67.

    Administrative Decision No. 15/2013 article 2.

  68. 68.

    Administrative Decision No. 40/2015 appendix 2.3.

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  1. Institute of Human, Social and Environmental Sciences, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina

    Luciana C. Silvestri

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Correspondence to Luciana C. Silvestri .

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  1. Faculty of Law, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Evanson Chege Kamau

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Silvestri, L.C. (2022). Access and Benefit-Sharing Regime in Argentina: Experiences and Perspectives. In: Chege Kamau, E. (eds) Global Transformations in the Use of Biodiversity for Research and Development. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 95. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88711-7_2

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