Abstract
The basic starting point for the bond graph modelling approach is the exchange of energy between subsystems or system components. Apart from phenomena like electromagnetic radiation, energy exchange, in most cases, is bound to real connections having a mass, e.g. mechanical links or electrical wires. These connections remain invariant with regard to space and time if there are no switches. In hydraulic and pneumatic systems, the transport of energy is bound to a mass flow. That is, in addition to the transport of potential and kinetic energy, convection of mass, momentum and internal energy must be taken into account. Hence, a bond graph model should not only comply with the principle of energy conservation, but also with conservations laws for mass and momentum. As early as 1977, A. Schöne observed in an introductory article on abstract models of technical systems [33] that in general, the building blocks of models of thermodynamic systems in process engineering are connected not only by energy flows but also by mass flows.
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(2010). Bond Graph Modelling of Open Thermodynamic Systems. In: Bond Graph Methodology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-882-7_10
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