Abstract
Hematophagous insects are found in six of the 28 orders of Insecta. They are primarily holometabolous and, except where noted, feed on blood only as adults. Within the order Diptera, there are 12 families that include blood-sucking species, many of which are important transmitters of diseases that affect humans and livestock. The family Calliphoridae includes the only larval blood feeders—for example, Auchmeromyia senegalensis, the Congo floor maggot (the adult is coprophagous). Siphonaptera (fleas), all of which are blood-sucking, also includes disease transmitting members. Coleoptera has four families with one species each that feed on ectoderm and only secondarily feed on blood from the resulting skin abrasions; Lepidoptera has a single species of noctuid moth, Calpe eustrigata, from South Asia that feeds on mammals; and in Hymenoptera are found the vampire wasps of Vancouver, Canada (Phipps, 1974). The families Reduviidae and Cimicidae, in the order Hemiptera, and the sucking lice of the order Phthiraptera are hemimetabolous, and both sexes feed on blood at all life stages.
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Davis, E.E., Friend, W.G. (1995). Regulation of a Meal: Blood Feeders. In: Chapman, R.F., de Boer, G. (eds) Regulatory Mechanisms in Insect Feeding. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1775-7_6
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