Between 1997 and 2005, Indonesia was buffeted by a series of crises that had a devastating impact on one of its prime economic assets: tourism. An environmental crisis linked to the smoke and haze from the unregulated fires of large land owners in Sumatra and Kalimantan in 1997 closed airports in Sumatra and Kalimantan, and disrupted flights and sea traffic from Java to these destinations for several months. Beginning in mid 1997 and crescendoing in 1998, the Asian financial crisis wiped out banks, airlines, real estate projects, and an array of half-built or newly completed tourist-related projects throughout Indonesia. The decaying shell of a partially constructed Westin Hotel on Jakarta’s main highway and adjacent to the famous Hotel Indonesia offers a continuing visual reminder of how the collapse of the capital markets impacted the tourism sector that seemed to offer limitless possibilities. Worse still, the Indonesian flag carrier airline, Garuda Indonesia, recorded a 90.3% drop in profit in 2000 owing to rising operating costs and, more importantly, huge foreign exchange losses (Agence France Press 21 May 2001).
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Agence France Presse, 21 May 2001, Garuda Indonesia Posts 90.3 Percent Plunge in Net Profits for 2000.
—, 19 September 2001, Asian Tourism Industry in Tatters of the Devastating U.S. Attacks.
Ashworth, Gregory, 1989, Urban Tourism: An Imbalance in Attention. In Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, vol. 1, edited by C. P. Cooper and A. Lockwood, pp. 33-44. Wiley, Chichester.
Booth, A., 1990, The Tourism Boom in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 26(3): 45-73.
Crampton, T., 2001, Asian Tourism in Unchartered Territory. International Herald Tribune, 21 September 2001.
Cushnahan, G., 1999, Independent Travel and Small-Scale Tourism Development in the 21st Century: An Indonesian Case Study of Some Directions. In Pariwisata Indonesia: Menghadapi Abad XXI, vol. 3, edited by O. S. Santoso, pp. 64-74. Pusat Penelitian Kepariwisataan, Bandung, Indonesia.
Dahles, H., 1997, Urban Tourism and Image Management in Yogjakarta: National Development, Cultural Heritage and Presentation of a Tourist Product. In Pariwisata Indonesia: Berbagai Aspek dan Gagasan Pembangunan, edited by Myra Gunawan, pp. 5-28. Pusat Penelitian Kepariwisataan, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung.
Darling, D., March 2003, Micro-History of Tourism in Bali. Latitudes, 1.
Detikworld, 18 December 2000, Lasker Jihad Attack Cafés in Solo, Provokes Backlash.
Hall, Colin Michael, 1994, Tourism in the Pacific Rim: Development, Impacts and Markets. Longman/Wiley, Melbourne.
Indonesia, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2001, Indonesia Tourism Market Database 2001. Jakarta.
Jakarta Post, 23 August 2000, Poso Leaders Buy Hatchets for Peace Before Gus Dur.
—, 22 October 2000, Hotels in Yogjakarta, Bali See Higher Occupancy.
—, 18 December 2000, Ambonese Are Haunted by Rumors of Holiday Riots.
—, 9 January 2006, Batam Tourism in Doldrums.
Jansen, F., 1997, Urban Tourism in Bandung. In Pariwisata Indonesia: Berbagai Aspek dan Gagasan Pembangunan, edited by M. Gunawan, pp. 107-119. Pusat Penelitian Kepariwisataan, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
Johannen, U. and Gomez, J., eds., 2001, Democratic Transitions in Asia. Select Books, Singapore.
Kusno, Abidin, 2000, Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures. Routledge, New York.
Maher, M., 2000, Indonesia: An Eyewitness Account. Viking, New York.
Saad, Ilyas, 2001, Indonesia’s Decentralization Policy: The Budget Allocation and Its Implications for the Business Environment. SMERU Research Institute, Jakarta, 2 September.
Silver, C., I. J. Azis, and L. Schroeder, 2001, Intergovernmental Transfers and Decentralization in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 37(3): 345-362.
Statfor GeoEconomic Analysis, 27 October 2001, Declining Tourism Widespread Threat to Stability.
Straits-Times (Singapore), 9 July 2000, Special Report on Mob Violence in Jakarta.
The Economist, 6 February 2003, Lured Back to Bali: After the Bomb, Indonesia Finds a New Type of Tourist.
The Times (UK), 24 February 2001, Migrants Flee Dayak Head-Hunters.
Usman, S., 2001, Indonesia’s Decentralization Policy: Initial Experiences and Emerging Problems. SMERU Research Institute, Jakarta.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Silver, C. (2007). Tourism, Cultural Heritage, and Human Rights in Indonesia: The Challenges of an Emerging Democratic Society. In: Silverman, H., Ruggles, D.F. (eds) Cultural Heritage and Human Rights. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71313-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71313-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-71312-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-71313-7
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)