Abstract
When one considers “resilient youth,” one does not ordinarily think of young people who have become involved in the juvenile justice system. If resilience is the ability to endure adverse conditions without experiencing bad outcomes, then youth who have been arrested or detained would seem to represent the flip side of resilience those who have succumbed to the kinds of bad choices and chances that can arise from disadvantaged situations. Yet even youth in trouble have strengths and are capable of becoming resilient (Osher, 1996). It is important to recognize that getting arrested is not just a child-driven process. Some children are differentially more likely to be arrested (such as youth with mental health challenges and youth of color), and some offenses, such as running away from an abusive home, may be a sign of personal strength.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altschuler, D.M. (1999). Trends and issues in the adultification of juvenile justice. In P. Harris (Ed.), Research to Results: Effective Comununity Corrections. Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fourth Edition, DSM-IV. Washington, DC: Author.
Atkins, D.L., Pumariega, A.J., Rogers, K., Montgomery, L., Nybro, C., Jeffers, G., & Sease, F. (1999). Mental health and incarcerated youth. I: Prevalence and nature of psychopathology. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 8, 193–204.
Blum, R.W., & Ellen. J. (2002). Work group V: Increasing the capacity of schools, neighborhoods, and communities to improve adolescent health outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31 (Suppl 6) 288–292.
Broidy, L.M., Nagin, D.S., Tremblay, R.E., Bates, J.E., Brame, B., Dodge, K.A., Fergusson, D., Horwood, J.L., Loeber, R., Laird, R., Lynam, D.R., Moffitt, T.E., Pettit, G.S., & Vitaro, F. (2003). Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology, 39, 222–245.
Catalano, R.F., & Hawkins, J.D. (2002). Response from authors to comments on “positive youth development in the United States: Research findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs” Prevention and Treatment, 5, Article 20. Article available online at http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/toc-jun24–02.htm
Catalano, R.F., Berglund, M.L., Ryan, J.A.M., Lonczak, H.S., & Hawkins, J.D. (2002). Positive youth development in the United States: Research findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs. Prevention and Treatment, 5, Article 15. Article available online at http://journals.apa.org/prevention/.
Cauffman, E., Feldman, S.S., Waterman, J., & Steiner, H. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder among female juvenile offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 1209–1216.
Cocozza, J.J., & Skowyra, K. (2000). Youth with mental health disorders: Issues and emerging responses. Juvenile Justice, 7, 3–13. Available online at http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffilesl/ojjdp/ 1 78256. pdf
Costello, E.J., Angold, A., Burns, B.J., Stangl, D.K., Tweed, D.L., Erkanli, A., & Worthman, C.M. (1996). The Great Smoky Mountains Study of youth: Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1129–1136.
Early, T.J. (2001). Measures for practice with families from a strengths perspective. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82, 225–232.
Egeland, B., Pianta, R., & Ogawa, J. (1996). Early behavior problems: Pathways to mental disorders in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 735–749.
Epstein, M.H. (1999). The development and validation of a scale to assess the emotional and behavioral strengths of children and adolescents. Remedial and Special Education, 20, 258–262.
Evans, W., Albers, E., Macari, D., & Mason, A. (1996). Suicide ideation, attempts, and abuse among incarcerated gang and nongang delinquents. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13, 115–126.
Fagan, J. (1991). Community-based treatment for mentally disordered juvenile offenders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 42–50.
Farrington, D.P., & Loeber, R. (2000). Epidemiology of juvenile violence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9, 733–748.
Foster, E.M., & Connor, T. (2003). The public costs of better mental health services for children und adolescents. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Foster, E.M., Qaseem, A., & Connor, T. (2003). Can better mental health services reduce juvenile justice involvement? Manuscript submitted for publication.
Furstenberg, F.F., Cook, T.D., Eccles, J., Elder, G.H., & Sameroff, A. (1999). Managing to make it: Urban families and adolescent success. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gottfredson, D.C., Sealock, M.D., & Koper, C.S. (1996). Delinquency. In R.J. DiClemente (Ed). W.B. Hansen (Ed), & L.E. Ponton (Ed), Handbook of adolescent health risk behavior (pp. 259–288). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., & Miller, J.Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64–105.
Hawkins, J.D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D.P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R.F., & Harachi, T.W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In R. Loeber & D.P. Farrington (Eds) Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 106–146). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage.
Herrenkohl, T., Maguin, E., Hill, K.G., Hawkins, J.D., Abbott, R.D., & Catalano, R.F. (2000). Developmental risk factors for youth violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 176–186.
Hipwell, A.E., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Keenan, K., White, H.R., & Kroneman, L. (2002). Characteristics of girls with early onset disruptive and antisocial behaviour. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 12, 99–119.
Human Rights Watch. (1999). World Report 1999. New York: Author. Available online at http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/.
Jessor, R., Van Den Bos, J., Vanderryn, J., Costa, F.M., & Turbin, M.S. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31, 923–933.
Kellam, S.G., Ling, X., Merisca, R., Brown, C.H., Ialongo, N. (1998). The effect of the level of aggression in the first grade classroom on the course and malleability of aggressive behavior into middle school. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 165–185.
Kendziora, K.T., Bruns, E.J., Osher, D., Pacchiano, D., & Mejia, B.X. (2001). Wraparound: Stories from the field. Systems of Care: Promising Practices in Children’s Mental Health, 2001 Series, Volume 1. Washington, DC: Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice, American Institutes for Research.
Kendziora, K.T., Greenbaum, P.E., Kellam, S.G., Brown, C.H., Vanfossen, B.E., Poduska, J.M., & Ialongo, N. (June 2003). Gender and age differences in teacher-rated aggression: A longitudinal analysis from first grade to middle school. Paper presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research. Washington, DC.
Kraemer, H.C., Kazdin, A.E., Offord, D.R., Kessler, R.C., Jensen, P.S., & Kupfer, D.J. (1997). Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 337–343.
Kraemer, H.C., Kazdin, A.E., Offord, D.R., Kessler, R.C., Jensen, P.S., & Kupfer, D.J. (1999). Measuring the potency of risk factors for clinical or policy significance. Psychological Methods, 4, 257–271.
Lipsey, M.W., & Derzon, J.H. (1998). Predictors of violent and serious delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: A synthesis of longitudinal research. In R. Loeber & D.P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 86–105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Loeber, R., & Dishion, T.J. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 68–99.
Loeber, R., & Keenan, K. (1994). Interaction between conduct disorder and its comorbid conditions: Effects of age and gender. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 497–523.
MacDonald, J.M. (2001). Analytic methods for examining race and ethnic disparity in the juvenile courts. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 507–520.
Marsteller, F., Brogan, D., Smith, I., et al. (1997). The prevalence of substance use disorders among juveniles admitted to regional youth detention centers operated by the Georgia Department of Children and Youth Services. Final Report. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.
Masten, A.S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227–238.
Masten, A.S., & Wright, M.O. (1998). Cumulative risk and protection models of child maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 2, 7–30.
Merton, R.K. (1968). Social structure and anomie. In R.K. Merton (Ed.), Social theory and social structure (pp. 185–214). New York: Free Press.
Moffitt, T.E. (1993). Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674–701.
Moffitt, T.E., & Caspi, A. (2001). Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 355–375.
National Institute of Justice (1998). Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program: 1997 Annual Report. Washington, DC: Author.
National Mental Health Association (2003a). Mental health and adolescent girls in the justice system. Alexandria, VA: Author. Fact sheet available online at <ul>http://www.nmha.org/children/justjuv/girlsjj.cfm.</ul>
National Mental Health Association (2003b). Mental health and youth of color in the juvenile justice system. Alexandria, VA: Author. Fact sheet available online at <ul>http://www.nmha.org/children/justjuv/colorjj.cfm.</ul>
Office of Justice Programs Coordination Group on Women (1998). Women in Criminal Justice: Special Report. Office of Justice Programs: Washington, DC.
Osher, D. (1996). Strengths-based foundations of hope. Reaching Today’s Youth, 1, 26–29.
Osher, D. (1998). The social construction of being at risk. Introduction to R. Kronick (Ed.), At-Risk Youth: Theory, Practice, Reform (pp. iv–xii). New York: Garland Press.
Osher, D., Kendziora, K.T., VanDenBerg, J., & Dennis, K. (1999a). Growing resilience: Creating opportunities for resilience to thrive. Reaching Today’s Youth, 3, 38–45.
Osher, D., Kendziora, K.T., VanDenBerg, J., & Dennis, K. (1999b). Beyond individual resilience. Reaching Today’s Youth, 3, 2–4.
Osher, D., Quinn, M.M., Poirier. M.A., & Rutherford, R.B. (in press). Deconstructing the pipeline: Using efficacy and effectiveness data and cost-benefit analyses to reduce minority youth incarceration. Neuw Directions in Youth Development.
Osher, D., Woodruff, D., & Sims, A.E. (2002). Schools make a difference: The overrepresentation of African American youth in special education and the juvenile justice system. In D. Losen & G. Orfield (Eds.), Racial inequity in special education (pp. 93–116). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Publishing Group.
Osher, T., & Hunt, P. (2002). Involving families of youth who are in contact with the juvenile justice system. Delmar, NY: National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice. Available online at <ul>http://www.ncmhjj.com/pdfs/publications/Family.pdf.</ul>
Otto, R.K., Greenstein, J.J., Johnson, M.K., & Friedman, R.M. (1992). Prevalence of mental disorders among youth in the juvenile justice system. In J.J. Cocozza (Ed.), Responding to the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system (pp. 7–48). Seattle, WA: National Coalition for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System.
Pittman, K.J. (1991). Promoting youth development: Strengthening the role of youth-serving and community organizations. Report prepared for The U.S. Department of Agriculture Extension Services. Washington, DC: Center for Youth Development and Policy Research.
Pobanz, M.S., & Furlong, M.J. (November, 2000). Using protective factors to enhance the prediction of negative short-term outcomes of first-time juvenile offenders. Paper presented at the TECBD Conference.
Pope, C.E., & Feyerherm, W. (1991). Minorities in the juvenile justice system. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Pope, C.E., and Snyder, H.N. (April, 2003). Race as a Factor in Juvenile Arrests. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available online at
Prescott, L. (1997). Adolescent girls with co-occurring disorders in the juvenile justice system. Delmar, NY: National GAINS Center.
Prescott, L. (1998). Improving policy and practice for adolescent girls with co-occurring disorders in the juvenile justice system. Delmar, NY: National GAINS Center.
Robins, L. (1966). Deviant children grown up. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Robins, L.N. (1978). Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour: Replications from longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 8, 611–622.
Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children’s responses to stress and disadvantage. In M.W. Kent and J.E. Rolf (Eds.), Primary prevention of psychopathology: Vol. 3. Social competence in children (pp. 49–74). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J.E. Rolf, A.S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K.H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181–214). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sameroff, A.J., Bartko, W.T., Baldwin, A., Baldwin, C., & Seifer, R. (1998). Family and social influences on the development of child competence. In M. Lewis (Ed) & C. Feiring (Ed), Families, risk, and competence. (pp. 161–185). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Sameroff, A.J., Seifer, R., Zax, M., & Barocas, R. (1987). Early indicators of developmental risk: Rochester longitudinal study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 383–394.
Seifer, R., & Sameroff, A.J. (1987). Multiple determinants of risk and vulnerability. In E.J. Anthony & B.H. Cohler (Eds.), The invulnerable child (pp. 51–69). New York: Guilford.
Seligman, M.E.P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
Sheldon, K.M., & King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56, 216–217.
Shelton, D. (2001). Emotional disorders in young offenders. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33, 259–263.
Sheppard, V.B., & Benjamin-Coleman, R. (2001). Determinants of service placements for youth with serious emotional and behavioral disturbances. Community Mental Health Journal, 37, 53–65.
Silverthorn, P., & Frick, P.J. (1999). Developmental pathways to antisocial behavior: The delayed-onset pathway in girls. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 101–126.
Snyder, H.N. (November 2002). Juvenile Arrests 2000. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available online through <ul>http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/general.html.</ul>
Snyder, H. & Sickmund, M. (1999). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1999 national report. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Stiffman, A.R., Chen, Y., Elze, D., Dore, P. & Cheng, L. (1997). Adolescents’ and providers’ perspectives on the need for and use of mental health services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21, 335–342.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Loeber, R. (2002). Lost opportunities for intervention: undetected markers for the development of serious juvenile delinquency. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 12, 69–83.
Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Zhang, Q., Van Kammen, W.B., & Maguin, E. (1993). The double edge of protective and risk factors for delinquency: Interrelations and developmental patterns. Development and Psychopathology. 5, 683–701.
Teplin, L.A., Abram, K.M., McClelland, G.M., Dulcan, M.K., & Mericle, A.A. (2002). Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 1133–1143.
Tiet, Q.Q., Wasserman, G.A., Loeber, R., McReynolds, L.S., & Miller, L.S. (2001). Developmental and sex differences in types of conduct problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10, 181–197.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: culture, race, ethnicity: A supplement to mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Youth violence: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Ulzen, Thaddeus P.M., & Hamilton, H. (1998). The nature and characteristics of psychiatric comorbidity in incarcerated adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 43, 57–63.
Wilson, S.J., Lipsey, M.W., & Soydan, H. (2003). Are mainstream programs for juvenile delinquency less effective with minority youth than majority youth? A meta-analysis of outcomes research. Researchch on Social Work Practice, 13, 3–26.
Woodruff, D., Osher, D., Hoffman, C., Gruner, A., King, M., Snow, S., & McIntire, J. (1999). The role of education in a system of care: Effectively serving children with emotional or behavioral disorders. Systems of Care: Promising Practices in Children ‘s Mental Health, 1998 Series, Volume III. Washington, DC: Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice, American Institutes for Research.
Wordes, M., Bynum, T.S., & Corley, C.J. (1994). Locking up youth: The impact of race on detention decisions. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31, 149–165.
Yeh, M., McCabe, K., Hurlburt, M., Hough, R., Hazen, A., Culver, S., Garland, A., & Landsverk, J. (2002). Referral sources, diagnoses, and service types of youth in public outpatient mental health care: A focus on ethnic minorities. Journal of Behavioral Health Sciences & Research, 29, 45–60.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kendziora, K.T., Osher, D.M. (2004). Fostering Resilience among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System. In: Clauss-Ehlers, C.S., Weist, M.D. (eds) Community Planning to Foster Resilience in Children. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48544-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48544-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0981-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48544-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive