Abstract
This paper shows how the eco-efficiency concept can be used to evaluate value and environmental performance when considering different scenarios for redesigning extended supply chains (ESCs). Results from a case study on furniture production in Norway are used to illustrate the concept.
An extended supply chain includes all processes necessary for production, use and end-of-life treatment of a product. The environmental performance of the products was assessed using LCA, and value performance was measured as life cycle cost. Instead of calculating absolute values using a traditional eco-efficiency ratio, relative values for different scenarios were calculated and presented graphically in an XY-diagram. This clearly visualises the alternatives that have the best environmental and value performance.
Six different scenarios were developed to assess how the performance of an existing ESC can be improved. The eco-efficiency for each scenario was compared with the present ESC. The results show that there is large and realistic potential for environmental improvements in the extended supply chain without an equivalent increase in life cycle costs.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
- Supply Chain
- Life Cycle Assessment
- Environmental Performance
- Life Cycle Cost
- International Electrotechnical Commission
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Ammenberg J, Hjelm O (2003) Tracing business and environmental effects of environmental management systems - a study of networking small and medium-sized enterprises using a joint environmental management system. Business Strategy and the Environment 12:163-174
Azapagic A, Perdan S (2000) Indicators of sustainable development for industry: A general framework. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 78(B):243-261
Banerjee SB, Iyer ES, Kashyap RK (2003) Corporate environmentalism: Antecedents and influence of industry type. Journal of Marketing 67:106-122
Barrett S (1991) Environmental regulation for competitive advantage. Business Strategy Review (Spring):1-15
Bleischwitz R (2003) Cognitive and institutional perspectives of eco-efficiency. Ecological Economics 46:453-467
Christopher M (1998) Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Strategies for Reducing Cost and Improving Service (2nd edition). Financial Times/Prentice Hall, London
Clendenin JA (1997) Closing the supply chain loop: Reengineering the returns channel process. The International Journal of Logistics Management 8:75-85
Clift R (2003) Metrics for supply chain sustainability. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 5:240-247
Clift R, Wright L (2000) Relationships between environmental impacts and added value along the supply chain. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 65:281-295
Cramer J (2000) Strategic environmental management as an economic and ecological challenge. In Wubben EFM (ed) The dynamics of the eco-efficient economy. Environmental regulation and competitive advantage. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 115-132
Dahl T, Hagen Ø, Larssæther S (2002) Hågs miljøarbeid: Miljø som integrert og naturlig del av produkt og organisasjon. SINTEF Teknologiledelse IFIM, Rapport STF38 A02502, Trondheim [in Norwegian]
Diaz R, Redondo P (2002) Life Cycle Analysis applied to an innovative material obtained using secondary resources. In: Abstacts from SETAC 10th LCA Case Symposium 2-3 December, Barcelona, pp 99-101
Florida R (1996) Lean and green: The move to environmentally conscious manufacturing. California Management Review 39:81-105
Hall J (2000) Environmental supply chain dynamics. Journal of Cleaner Production 8:455-471
Hunkeler D, Saur K, Rebitzer G, Finkbeiner M, Schmidt WP, Jensen AA, Stranddorf H, Christiansen K (2004) Life-Cycle Management. SETAC press, Pensacola
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) (1996) International Standard 300-3-3. Dependability Management - Part 3: Application guide - Section 3: Life cycle costing
Jaakko Pöyry Infra (2001) Huonekallujen hyötykäytön kehittämisprojekti. 001105EL. Jaakko Pöyry Infra, Lahti [in Finnish]
Lamming R, Hampson J (1996) The environment as a supply chain management issue. British Journal of Management 7:45-62 (special issue)
Lafferty WM, Hovden E (2002) Environmental policy integration: Towards an analytical framework? Report No. 7/02. Program for Research and Documentation for a Sustainable Society (ProSus), University of Oslo
Michelsen O (2004) Biodiversity indicators and environmental performance evaluations. Outline of a methodology. IndEcol-report 3/2004. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
Michelsen O, Fet AM, Dahlsrud A (2006) Eco-efficiency in extended supply chain - A case study on furniture production. Journal of Environmental Management (in press)
Ministry of the Environment (1999) Stortingsmelding 8 (1999-2000) - Regjeringens miljøvernpolitikk og rikets miljøtilstand. Miljøverndepartementet, Oslo [in Norwegian]
Noci G, Verganti R (1999) Managing ’green’ product innovation in small firms. R&D Management 29 (1):3-15
Norcargo (2004) http://www.norcargo.no/ [in Norwegian]
Oslo kommune - Renovasjonsetaten (2004) http://www.ren.oslo.kommune.no/ [in Norwegian]
Persson G, Virum H (1995) Logistikk for konkurransekraft. Gyldendal, Oslo [in Norwegian]
Porter M, van der Linde C (1995) Green and competitive: Ending the stalemate. Harvard Business Review 73 (5):120-134
Saft RJ, Otto A, van Yperen M (2003) Milieugerichte Handreiking voor Inkopers in de Woninginrichtingbranche. IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustanability, Amsterdam [in Dutch]
Saling P, Kicherer A, Dittrich-Krämer B, Wittlinger R, Zombik W, Scmidt I, Schrott W, Schmidt S (2002) Eco-efficiency analysis by BASF: The Method. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 7:203-218
Sandgren J, Heie A, Sverud T (1996) Emissions from treatment of municipal solid waste. Report 96:16. The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT), Oslo [in Norwegian with English summary]
Schaltegger S, Sturm A (1998) Eco-efficiency by eco-controlling. On the implementation of EMAS and ISO 14001. vdf Hochschulverlag, Zürich
Schmidt WP (2003) Life Cycle Costing as part of Design for Environment - Environmental Business Cases. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 8:167-174
Sharma S, Vredenburg H (1998) Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 19:729-753
Statistics Norway (2003) Bruken av brommerte flammehemmere i produkter. TA-1947/2003. SSB, Oslo
Taylor SR (1992) Green Management - The next Competitive Weapon. Futures 24:669-680
van den Akker JL (2000) Integrating the environment in business practices. In: Wubben EFM (ed) The dynamics of the eco-efficient economy. Environmental regulation and competitive advantage. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp 133-138
Vassbotn U, Bjerke IT (eds) (2001) Prosjekt: Møbelretur. Federation of Norwegian Manufacturing Industries, Oslo [in Norwegian]
Verfaillie HA, Bidwell R (2000) Measuring eco-efficiency - a guide to reporting company performance. World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michelsen, O. (2007). Eco-efficiency in redesigned extended supply chains; furniture as an example. In: Huppes, G., Ishikawa, M. (eds) Quantified Eco-Efficiency. Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5399-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5399-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5398-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5399-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)