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The Influence of Oxalate-Promoted Growth of Saponite and Talc Crystals on Rectorite: Testing the Intercalation-Synthesis Hypothesis of 2:1 Layer Silicates

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

The intercalating growth of new silicate layers or metal hydroxide layers in the interlayer space of other clay minerals is known from various mixed-layer clay minerals such as illite-smectite (I-S), chlorite-vermiculite, and mica-vermiculite. In a recent study, the present authors proposed that smectitegroup minerals can be synthesized from solution as new 2:1 silicate layers within the low-charge interlayers of rectorite. That study showed how oxalate catalyzes the crystallization of saponite from a silicate gel at low temperatures (60ºC) and ambient pressure. As an extension of this work the aim of the present study was to test the claim that new 2:1 silicate layers can be synthesized as new intercalating layers in the low-charge interlayers of rectorite and whether oxalate could promote such an intercalation synthesis. Two experiments were conducted at 60ºC and atmospheric pressure. First, disodium oxalate solution was added to a suspension of rectorite in order to investigate the effects that oxalate anions have on the structure of rectorite. In a second experiment, silicate gel of saponitic composition (calculated interlayer charge -0.33 eq/O10(OH)2) was mixed with a suspension of rectorite and incubated in disodium oxalate solution. The synthesis products were extracted after 3 months and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The treatment of ultrathin sections with octadecylammonium (nC =18) cations revealed the presence of 2:1 layer silicates with different interlayer charges that grew from the silicate gel. The oxalate-promoted nucleation of saponite and talc crystallites on the rectorite led to the alteration and ultimately to the destruction of the rectorite structure. The change was documented in HRTEM lattice-fringe images. The crystallization of new 2:1 layer silicates also occurred within the expandable interlayers of rectorite but not as new 2:1 silicate layers parallel to the previous 2:1 silicate layers. Instead, they grew independently of any orientation predetermined by the rectorite crystal substrate and their crystallization was responsible for the destruction of the rectorite structure.

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  1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E8, Canada

    Dirk S. Chumann, Reinhard Hesse & Hojatollah Vali

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Hyman Hartman

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO, USA

    Dennis D. Eberl

  4. Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B2, Canada

    S. Kelly Sears & Hojatollah Vali

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Chumann, D.S., Hartman, H., Eberl, D.D. et al. The Influence of Oxalate-Promoted Growth of Saponite and Talc Crystals on Rectorite: Testing the Intercalation-Synthesis Hypothesis of 2:1 Layer Silicates. Clays Clay Miner. 61, 342–360 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610413

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