Abstract
Actor detection means detecting intricate human activities in long videos that have never been edited. It is not only necessary to distinguish between its behavior and background categories, but also to predict the starting point and ending point of the agent’s detection, that is, to create a time axis positioning. Therefore, the task can be divided into two stages: first create a candidate area that may generate behavior in the entire long video, and then classify the candidate area into background/behavior classification, and output precise positioning on the time axis to complete behavior detection. Sea level change refers to the phenomenon of sea level rise and fall. The factors that cause changes in sea level height are complex, which in turn affects the world. This article mainly studies the changes in regional sea level, that is, the changes in sea level along the coast of China. The influencing factors are more complicated. The physical training methods for swimmers mainly include the size of surface support, the number of support points, how to adjust the torque, and the physical links involved in completing the action. The concept of time is introduced, which will increase the body load of swimmers. But at the same time it can improve endurance and range of motion. Among them, physical training has always been one of the hot topics in the field of sports training in China. The physical training techniques in the swimming training process can not only improve the swimmer’s special competition ability, but also prevent sports injuries and prolong the life of the swimmer.
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Introduction
The application of agent detection and recognition in surveillance systems, video analysis, etc. has great potential and has attracted the attention of researchers. Nowadays, the behavior recognition model based on time structure analysis is relatively mature, but if it is used for behavior analysis tasks, timeliness and versatility cannot be guaranteed. The efficiency of conventional agent detection methods makes it difficult to meet the requirements of practical applications. The main problem is that the length of the video data is too long. If the data length is too long, the amount of data will be relatively complicated, which will cause the data calculation speed to change. Slow, so in fragmented scenes where the samples are not dense, you can reduce the amount of information and increase the detection and analysis time to accurately generate candidate regions to reduce the amount of data input and speed up the detection. However, the main factor affecting the change of sea level height is the change of specific volume, and the change of specific volume is caused by sea water temperature and salinity. In addition, the secondary factors affecting sea level are circulation changes, freshwater flow brought about by the melting of glaciers in southern islands, and the influence of gravity caused by melting of ice caps (Abdel-Karim et al. 2016). The change in sea level itself is also an important indicator reflecting the global climate (Abu and Sunkari 2020).
With the rapid increase in the use of fossil fuels, the concentration of greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide) has risen, which will lead to intensified melting of glaciers and consequent rise in sea levels (Apanaviciute and Simkevicius 2001). Swimming is a very technical and complex technical project (Armstrong-Altrin et al. 2012). In view of the current development of swimming, in major swimming events, the number of swimming teams that can perform a set of professional moves has increased, which means that the speed of modeling should be faster and the density should increase, and the difficulty of modeling is also increasing (Armstrong-Altrin et al. 2014). These changes require swimmers to have good physical fitness and physical fitness as a guarantee. If swimmers do not have good physical fitness as a basis, then they simply cannot successfully complete this difficult and fast-changing technical action (Armstrong-Altrin et al. 2015). Most swimming coaches will only adopt a unified training method in the physical training of athletes, and will not pay special attention to their special needs, and the training methods are not scientific and reasonable. The advancement and combination of training methods play a very important role in training effects (Badyukova et al. 2018). In recent years, swimming physical training has gradually attracted the attention of scientists. The nature of swimming events determines the importance of physical fitness in swimming events, and physical fitness plays a cornerstone role in the constituent factors of competitive swimming ability (Barnard et al. 2013).
Materials and methods
Data source
The data on ocean anomalies in this article comes from the French National Center for Space Research, which combines some satellites and MSLA/AVISO data, and provides day/week/month data from October 2012 to the present. Using Mercator coordinates, the average reference surface is the same point as the average value from January 2019 to December 2019 (Basu et al. 1986).
This paper uses standard procedures to correct and detect the data. Because it combines multiple observations, it can identify sea level changes in a large range (150-200km), and in most areas of the world, the single-point accuracy is uniform (Bigus et al. 2016). It can reach 2–3 cm. This article mainly selects two time intervals as the data interval: (1) Select the monthly data average from January 2018 to December 2019(Bird 2000). When using, adjust the average reference surface to a unified geographic location, which is mainly used to analyze the characteristics of sea level change and discuss its mechanism. (2) The daily average data from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, is selected to identify vortex activities; in addition, it can be considered that under normal conditions, sea level fluctuates greatly in shallow water depths (Bitinas and Damušyte 2004). When performing statistical analysis, this fluctuation may obscure other information (Bitinas et al. 2005).
Design of specific volume sea level model
The plane where the seawater volume changes due to temperature and salinity is called the specific volume sea level, and the calculation formula is as follows:
According to previous conclusions, atmospheric forcing ignores diffusion and horizontal convection, and its calculation formula is:
In order to further increase the sea level of the evolutionary heat flow and the sea level in response to the pressure of fresh water in equation (5), we use the following equations to calculate separately:
Analysis of actor detection methods
The behavioral subject detection is composed of three aspects as unit blocks, as shown in Figure 1.
Through the design unit conversion module, input the last part fc of the unit block c and return the compensation os. The calculation formula is:
The unit regression module has two advantages:
-
(1)
Perform boundary regression at the unit level instead of the frame level. The form obtained in the unit of n file lines contains more time information than the unit of frame.
-
(2)
The partition of the unit regression module is a fixed frame, so there may be a risk of fragment loss. If it is lost, it needs to be compensated.
In the classification network, each unit block needs to be marked first, and the unit block marked by a positive sample must meet the following conditions:
-
(1)
The unit block overlaps with the actual behavior segment (Blott and Pye 2001).
-
(2)
The time division of the unit block and the specific score of the actual behavior are greater than 0.5.
Therefore, a real behavior can be marked in several unit blocks. If the tloU and any actual behavioral components in the unit block are 0, then it is a negative sample. Define the multi-task loss function L to classify with training and modification constraints.
Research methods of swimming athletes ' physical training
This article selects the effect of intermittent high-intensity training on the anaerobic endurance of young swimmers as the research topic, and selects members from 5 cities and municipal school swimming teams as the survey objects and makes an analysis based on the actual training results (Bramha et al. 2014).
According to the principle of volunteers, this study selected 14 males aged 12–14 from a junior sports school in the city as experimental subjects. High-intensity interval training was added as an intervention to the initial training plan, and the training performance, blood lactate concentration, and other data of 14 subjects were collected for statistical analysis before and after the 200 m medley intervention (Caredda et al. 1999).
Mathematical Statistics
The data statistics of all experimental subjects were recorded in the software SPSS19.0 and analyzed. Compare the data before and after high-intensity interval training for the same athlete in the relevant T-test samples, and the results are expressed as mean±relative deviation (Carranza-Edwards et al. 2009). Before the T-sample test, all data from a single sample (n≤2000) were subjected to the Shapiro-Walk test (W test), and all the data followed a normal distribution.
Results
Characteristics of sea level changes
Figure 2 shows the trend of sea level rise in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean from 2003 to 2019. The South China Sea generally rises at a trend of 3 ml per year, especially west of Luzon, which can reach 7 ml per year.
In order to determine the spatial distribution characteristics of the sea level anomalies in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, the root mean square deviation of the sea level anomalies from January 2003 to December 2019 was calculated. The spatial distribution of the mean square error space research for the entire sea area is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 4 uses a low-pass filtering method to filter the interference signal to obtain the mean square error of the low-frequency signal.
Figures 5 and 6 show the annual amplitude and spatial distribution of changes in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean from 2003 to 2019. Most of the annual amplitude in the South China Sea is small (3–5 cm), while the annual amplitude in the northwestern waters of Luzon is much larger, exceeding 13 cm (Figure 5).
Its amplitude reaches its maximum in August each year (Figure 6).
According to data analysis, the annual amplitude of the west of the Bay of Bengal is greater than that of the east. While the annual amplitude in the northern part of the Arabian Sea is small, the annual amplitude in the south is large, especially in the southwest and southeast corners, where the value is higher, which can reach 13 cm (Chavadi and Hegde 1989). The sea levels along the coast of Somalia and the southern eastern equator of the Indian Ocean have large sea level changes every year (Figure 5). The year of the latter is around May (Figure 6).
In order to study the characteristics of Shanghai level changes at different time scales, using dynamic stochastic analysis methods, we found that the average sea level changes in the South China Sea have obvious seasonal and annual signals (Chen et al. 2013). As shown in Figure 7, sea level changes show clear annual signals: February and March are the lowest, and August and September are the highest (Cox et al. 1995). The amplitude of the seasonal signal is 4.15 cm, and the amplitude of the annual signal is 3.30 cm.
Figure 7 also shows obvious annual changes, but the obvious weather changes and rising trends have produced vague annual changes. Appropriate filtering can make these signals clearer. We extracted the low-frequency residual signal (residual error) of the sea level change, which was obtained by eliminating the linear trend and the signal below 1 year (Figure 7, blue solid line). In order to better describe the annual sea level change, we used correlation analysis to compare the relationship between the remaining sea level and the ENSO/DOP/NPGO index. In Figure 8, the sea level has changed significantly.
This shows that ENSO has a strong influence on sea level changes in the South China Sea: their changes are in phase with a correlation coefficient of 0.71. The correlation between sea level change and PDO is negatively correlated, and the opposite of SOI has a correlation coefficient of −0.74. NPGO is in phase with sea level changes. If the PDO (NPGO) is in the warm (cold) phase, the sea level changes little, and vice versa. Figure 9 clearly shows these features.
Discussion on the mechanism of sea level change
Based on relevant data, this article compares the observed sea levels and draws a skill distribution map (Figure 10) to assess the reliability of the specific volume of sea level mentioned above.
The distribution of correlation coefficients among points is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 12 shows the distribution chart of the rising trend of the specific Jung sea level.
The distribution of the mean square error of specific volume at sea level is shown in Figure 13:
Through analysis, the annual amplitude distribution of specific volume at sea level is shown in Figure 14.
The annual phase spatial distribution map of the specific jitter at sea level is shown in Figure 15.
It can be seen from Figure 15 that the total specific volume is very large, exceeding 50% in most ocean areas. This just shows that the most important part of the sea level change is caused by the specific volume effect (Díaz Rizo et al. 2015). Among them, the northeast of the South China Sea, the west of the Bay of Bengal, the east of the Indian Ocean, and the south of the Arabian Sea account for a larger proportion in the distribution map, while the Andaman Sea is relatively small. In particular, the ocean value of 15° south of the Indian Ocean is very low. The specific impact is not obvious (Dickinson and Suczek 1979). The main cause of the sea level change in this ocean is vortex, which is active in this area. We will discuss the impact of vortex activity on sea level changes in this chapter.
Figure 16 shows the skill spatial distribution of the calculation result of the equation.
According to relevant data, the skill value of parts of the South China Sea and the Arabian Sea and parts of the South Indian Ocean is higher than 15% (see Figure 16), indicating that the static heat flow has a certain degree of influence on the sea level changes in the above sea areas. The skill value of parts of the Bay of Bengal is relatively small, only 5%. However, in some simulated sea areas, such as northwestern Australia to the Indian Ocean west of the equator, the effect is not satisfactory, especially in the northwestern waters of Australia, where the skill value is only −40%. However, on the other hand, the simulation results are much higher than −40% (Figure 17). After research and discussion, and starting from the point of influence of heat flux, this article believes that the sea area from northwest Australia to the western equatorial Indian Ocean There is a relatively lagging relationship between the plane and the heat flux.
According to the distribution map of the point-by-point correlation coefficient at sea level (Figure 17), it is similar to the spatial distribution of skills, and where the difference in skills is higher, the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.5. The biggest difference occurs in areas with low skills. Although the trends are similar, there are many negative correlations in the correlation coefficients, indicating that the study area has different characteristics and the influence of heat flux on sea level changes has a delayed effect.
It can be seen from Figure 18 that the seasonal components of sea level changes in the above-mentioned sea areas are mainly affected by heat flux, especially the annual amplitude signal, and the calculated result value heat shows a higher value. Figure d shows the skill value in the middle of the northwest waters of Australia. Although its value is very low, its correlation coefficient reaches −0.6. This shows that although the phase changes of sea level are affected by heat flux, there is a certain delay.
Analysis of the effect of swimming athletes’ physical training
Before the experiment, physical fitness tests were performed on selected athletes and related test results were recorded, combined with existing standard index data (such as age, height, and weight), and all data of 14 athletes were integrated. Through communicating with the coach and intercepting the part of the winter training plan at that time, the training plan was independent, as shown in Table 1.
In addition, during the winter training cycle of the city’s major sports schools in the past 2 years, the weekly training plan has hardly changed, and the impact of training on athletes has not improved well. Before and after the 2017 winter training, the SPSS3.0 software was used to statistically measure the height, weight, and 200-m medley performance of the swimming team of the youth sports school in the city (see Table 2 below).
The main task of training young swimmers between the ages of 12 and 14 is not to achieve good results in the competition, but because this age is not only the golden period of physical development, but also the transition period for the next stage. Getting a relatively sound training will affect the physical state afterwards. Therefore, for young swimmers, the arrangement of the training plan should follow the characteristics of the physical development of young athletes at this stage, and follow the scientific system of physical exercise and behavioral skills.
In this experiment, Wingate45 anaerobic power data was tested on young swimmers participating in high-intensity interval training. According to the control experiment, the experimental results at four time points were recorded respectively: before adding high-intensity training, adding high-intensity training for 2 weeks, adding high-intensity training for 4 weeks, and adding high-intensity training for 8 weeks, which is also the end period. After the experiment, record the experimental data, including five indicators such as the time required to reach the maximum power, the maximum power, the maximum power maintenance time, the maximum average power, and the power drop rate to show the work change of the subject’s anaerobic activity. Table 3 lists the average data of these four experiments.
Using SPSS19.0 software, the maximum blood lactic acid value, blood lactic acid value, and blood lactic acid elimination rate of 14 swimmers in a sports school in the city were counted by paired T test (see Table 4).
Based on the data of the above experiment, using relevant software for processing and statistics (Table 5), it can be seen that the average performance of the tested athletes in the 200m medley is 179.13±8.03 s, and after 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training, the average score has been significantly improved, which is increased to 174.77±6.62 s. Using related software to test and analyze the average performance of the subjects before and after the experiment, the results show that P <0.01, confirming that there are significant differences in the performance of the 14 athletes in the 200m medley before and after training.
According to the individual time statistics of the four medley swimming styles of the subjects in Table 6, the data of the subjects before and after the high-strength interval training can be obtained. The relevant analysis and processing of the data shows that the athletes did not perform the backstroke and breaststroke before and after the special training. Great improvement, but his butterfly and freestyle performances have improved significantly.
Discussion
Principles of advanced combination design of physical training methods for swimmers
Security principles
The so-called security principle is a commonplace topic, but it should be so and not to be ignored. In the design of the physical training program for swimmers, the relevant design must be combined with their own needs, and sufficient preparations must be made, and the training load in the phased training must be handled and arranged, and corresponding safety protection measures must be adopted for training. Provide safety assurance to obtain the ideal training effect.
The principle of specificity
The training arrangements for young swimmers need to be targeted. Teenagers are at a critical time for physical development. Therefore, excessive training content should not be arranged. Instead, training programs should be designed according to their own physical and mental development stages, and appropriate methods should be selected to improve and improve.
Principle of balance
The principle of balance is a design that combines physical training for swimmers. It follows the concept of balanced development in physical training. Swimming is a symmetrical sport that requires a high degree of restraint and the balanced development of different muscles of the body. If there is an imbalance, the swimmer’s technical mastery will stagnate. Especially in the early stages, there will be many common fouls in children’s games such as scissor legs. Therefore, in swimming balance physical training, we must pay attention to balance and coordinated development, and arrange exercise methods according to the needs of different groups of people. Balance training or balance development is an important principle or concept for swimmers to perform physical exercises.
Principle of load superposition
In training, exercise load can be described as a double-edged sword. It will not only strengthen the athlete’s physical fitness to a certain extent, but also cause damage to the body if improperly applied. Therefore, the training content should gradually deepen from simple to complex, and the training content should be connected to each other to form a whole. The training process should be gradual. If the training volume or difficulty is too large, it will be counterproductive and affect the training effect; the training load should be gradually carried out and adjusted reasonably to give the body a period of adaptation.
Analysis of basic physical training methods for swimmers
Basic physical training methods-push
This basic training mainly exercises the strength of the upper limbs. The basic operations are as follows: ① Naturally relax and stand up straight, straighten your chest and abdomen to maintain a full mental state, and at the same time, stand on your toes slightly. At this time, your body should be in a straight line. ②Look down slightly, stretch your arms, bend your elbows, and sink your body slowly but don’t touch the ground. ③ Breathe naturally, push your arms down when you inhale and hold up when you inhale. ④ Practice multiple groups at a time, ten to twenty times in each group.
Basic physical training methods-pull
This basic training mainly exercises upper limb strength, and its basic operations are as follows: ① Naturally relax and stand up straight, straighten your chest and abdomen to maintain a full mental state, hold the equipment with both hands, and naturally droop your arms. ②Move the muscles to pull up the upper body forcefully to keep the chest close to the top of the lever and keep the feet off the ground. Keep this position for a while. ③ Keep the upper body position unchanged, slowly sink the body and return to the starting position. ④ When pulling up and drooping, control the breathing so that it is not disturbed, and adjust it reasonably. ⑤ Divide into multiple groups of exercises, each group about ten times.
Basic physical training methods-rotation
This basic training mainly exercises the strength and joints of the upper limbs. The basic operations are as follows: ① Stand up straight naturally and look ahead. ②The body is inclined backward, and the circle movement is centered on the shoulder joint. ③Extend your arms forward, bend your knees, and sink. ④ Divide into multiple groups of exercises, each group of 20 to 30 times.
Basic physical training methods-flexion and extension
This basic training mainly exercises the flexibility of the body. The basic operations are as follows: ① Hold the equipment with both hands, straighten the arms naturally, pull the feet off the ground forcefully, retract the abdomen, and raise the legs. ②Keep this movement to a slight pause, adjust your breathing, and slowly return to the starting posture. ③ Divide into multiple groups of exercises, ten to twenty times in each group.
Basic physical training methods-maintenance
This basic training mainly exercises toughness and willpower. The basic operations are as follows: ① Hold the equipment with both hands, palms forward, naturally straighten your arms, and keep your legs together and keep hanging in the air. ②Contract the abdomen and clamp the buttocks, keep this position, and pause. ③Maintain your posture and keep your body in a straight line. ④ Divide into multiple groups of exercises, each group takes about one minute.
Advanced combination design of physical training methods for swimmers with different strokes
The special promotion scheme and design of butterfly stroke
In daily training and special investigations, studies have found that muscles such as the triceps, latissimus dorsi, and deltoids play an important role in the butterfly stroke. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of strengthening training, it is necessary to increase the strength of the above-mentioned muscles. For excellent professional butterfly swimmers, their technical characteristics are stricter: First, they need to maintain a good posture, let the body be curved, and reduce the surface resistance and move forward in a smooth linear manner. Secondly, they need to maintain a strong water hitting posture. The arm releases the strength, and the head must always maintain a good posture to gain vision. Finally, the breathing method needs to be reasonably adjusted throughout the butterfly stroke to obtain a better oxygen supply. In summary, this article designs a set of training methods dedicated to butterfly swimmers to improve the subjects’ butterfly skills and improve their strength and physical fitness.
The special promotion scheme and design of the backstroke stroke
Backstroke is more special among the four swimming styles, which mainly rely on the hips to exert force and transfer the force to the whole body. In the backstroke, the strength of the waist and hips is the most important thing. The triceps, pronator teres, latissimus dorsi, and the large and small teres play a significant role in backstroke. The investigation found that the professional technical characteristics of excellent backstroke athletes are the following: first, maintain a good posture in the water throughout the entire process, keep the head position stable, and reasonably control the movements of the trunk, hips, and shoulders to maintain good kicking skills. The joints rotate rhythmically along the axis. Based on the above investigation and research, this paper designs a reasonable physical exercise method dedicated to backstroke, so as to improve the trainees ' professional backstroke skills, gradually improve their technique and improve their physical fitness to obtain better physical coordination and resilience.
Special promotion scheme and design of breaststroke stroke
It is one of the professional qualities of an excellent frog swimmer to keep his body moving in streamline, fully extend to get the highest speed, and use the appropriate way to make the legs, hips and arms exert force, so as to show the perfect stroke posture, so as to reduce the resistance exerted by the water surface in the process of swimming. The investigation found that in breaststroke, the triceps and latissimus dorsi are the main muscles that exert force, and they are very important in the process of breaststroke. Therefore, the article designed a set of special training programs dedicated to breaststroke athletes based on the above investigation and research, which is used to improve the athlete’s technical posture and increase their strength while increasing their physical toughness so as to be able to adapt to long-term special training.
The special promotion scheme and design of crawl stroke
Contemporary scholars believe that the pectoralis major, biceps and triceps brachii, and other muscles play an important role in crawl swimming, so special strengthening training is needed for this part. An excellent crawl swimmer has the following professional technical characteristics: call the required muscle groups, and reasonably distribute the strength to the hips, shoulders, arms, and torso to maintain an efficient stroke posture. At the same time, keep the body in a straight line and put the head and body in the water to maintain a higher position. The article designs a set of physical training methods dedicated to crawling athletes based on the investigation and research of professional crawling athletes, in order to improve the athletes’ technical posture, and at the same time enhance their strength and physical coordination to adapt to long-term training.
Conclusion
This paper first uses satellite altimeter data to study the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes of the sea level in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, and then combines the volume ratio model (including the floating current model and the Markov model) with the vortex tracking technology. Discuss the following issues: the impact of changes in heat flow relative to sea level; the impact of freshwater flow on sea level changes; coping with changes in sea level partial pressure; the contribution of Rossby-led wind-driven waves to sea level changes; the effect of vortices on sea level changes Wait. Then, use the numerical ROMS model to periodically perform some diagnostic tests to evaluate the impact of wind fields, shortwave radiation, and freshwater flux on sea level. Finally, an advanced program was designed that combines different swimming training methods with different strokes, and can support the needs of different trainees for special training and a variety of advanced combinations of professional movements.
Change history
15 November 2021
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08931-1
28 September 2021
An Editorial Expression of Concern to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08470-9
References
Abdel-Karim AAM, Zaid SM, Moustafa MI, Barakat MG (2016) Mineralogy, chemistry and radioactivity of the heavy minerals in the black sands, along the northern coast of Egypt. Elsevier Ltd
Abu M, Sunkari ED (2020) Geochemistry, grain size characterization and provenance of beach sands along the Central Coast of Ghana. Adv Res Chem Appl Sci 2:15–26
Apanaviciute J, Simkevicius P (2001) Distribution of heavy minerals in surficial bottom sediments of the Nida – Klaipëda mapping area in the Baltic Sea. Geologija 33:29–39
Armstrong-Altrin JS, Lee YIL, Kasper-Zubillaga JJ et al (2012) Geochemistry of beach sands along the western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico: implication for provenance. Geochemistry 72:345–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2012.07.003
Armstrong-Altrin JS, Nagarajan R, Lee YIL et al (2014) Geochemistry of sands along the San Nicolás and San Carlos beaches, Gulf of California, Mexico: implications for provenance and tectonic setting. Turk J Earth Sci 23:533–558. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1309-21
Armstrong-Altrin JS, Nagarajan R, Balaram V, Natalhy-Pineda O (2015) Petrography and geochemistry of sands from the Chachalacas and Veracruz beach areas, western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico: constraints on provenance and tectonic setting. J S Am Earth Sci 64:199–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.10.012
Badyukova EN, Zindarev LA, Lukyanova SA, Solovieva GD (2018) Structure of the south-western part of the Curonian Spit. Arch Hydroengineering Environ Mech 65:109–122. https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2018-0008
Barnard PL, Foxgrover AC, Elias EPL, Erikson LH, Hein JR, McGann M, Mizell K, Rosenbauer RJ, Swarzenski PW, Takesue RK, Wong FL, Woodrow DL (2013) Integration of bed characteristics, geochemical tracers, current measurements, and numerical modeling for assessing the provenance of beach sand in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System. Mar Geol 345:181–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.08.007
Basu A, Blanchard DP, Brannon J (1986) Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle: a pilot study of the first leg. Sedimentology:737–742
Bigus K, Astel A, Niedzielski P (2016) Seasonal distribution of metals in vertical and horizontal profiles of sheltered and exposed beaches on Polish coast. Mar Pollut Bull 106:347–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.009
Bird ECF (2000) Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction. Wiley
Bitinas A, Damušyte A (2004) The littorina sea at the Lithuanian maritime region. Polish Geol Inst Spec Pap 11:37–46
Bitinas A, Damušytė A, Žaromskis R et al (2005) Baltijos jūros Lietuvos krantų geologinis atlasas. Geol akiračiai:14–22
Blott SJ, Pye K (2001) Gradistat: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. Earth Surf Process Landf 26:1237–1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.261
Bramha SN, Mohanty AK, Satpathy KK, Kanagasabapathy KV, Panigrahi S, Samantara MK, Prasad MVR (2014) Heavy metal content in the beach sediment with respect to contamination levels and sediment quality guidelines: a study at Kalpakkam coast, southeast coast of India. Environ Earth Sci 72:4463–4472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3346-y
Caredda AM, Cristini A, Ferrara C, Lobina MF, Baroli M (1999) Distribution of heavy metals in the Piscinas beach sediments (SW Sardinia, Italy). Environ Geol 38:91–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050405
Carranza-Edwards A, Kasper-Zubillaga JJ, Rosales-Hoz L et al (2009) Beach sand composition and provenance in a sector of the southwestern Mexican Pacific. Rev Mex Ciencias Geol 26:433–447
Chavadi VC, Hegde VS (1989) A note on the textural variation of beach sediments in the vicinity of Gangavali River mouth near Ankola, West coast of India. Mahasagar 22:89–98
Chen H-F, Yeh P-Y, Song S-R, Hsu SC, Yang TN, Wang Y, Chi Z, Lee TQ, Chen MT, Cheng CL, Zou J, Chang YP (2013) The Ti/Al molar ratio as a new proxy for tracing sediment transportation processes and its application in aeolian events and sea level change in East Asia. J Asian Earth Sci 73:31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.017
Cox R, Lowe DR, Cullers RL (1995) The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:2919–2940. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00185-9
Díaz Rizo O, Buzón González F, Arado López JO (2015) Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb levels in beach and dune sands from Havana resorts, Cuba. Mar Pollut Bull 100:571–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.018
Dickinson WR, Suczek CA (1979) Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions1. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull 63:2164–2182. https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9188FB-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Funding
The research in this paper was supported by the National Fitness Service Base in Hunan Province.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Hoshang Kolivand
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Smart agriculture and geo-informatics
This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08931-1
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, L. RETRACTED ARTICLE:Sea level height and swimmer’s physical training based on the detection of actors. Arab J Geosci 14, 1454 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07745-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07745-5