Abstract
Genipin cross-linked kappa-carrageenan/hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogels were prepared and the effect of cross-linking on hydrogels characteristics was investigated. Swelling and transform mechanisms of both native and cross-linked gels in different pH were also studied. We found that the concentration of genipin affects the physical stability of gels. The optimum concentration that a cross-linked hydrogel molecular structure can be in its most stable form is also discussed. Native hydrogels exhibited more swelling in alkaline medium than acidic and neutral; however, by increasing the cross-linker concentration, the swelling ability in neutral medium increased so that genipin cross-linked hydrogels could swell in pH 7 more than in pH 1.2 and 12. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to study the formation of new bonding due to genipin reactions and explain hydrogels’ stability in various concentrations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements reveal that by increasing genipin, the gel ability to hold water increases to some point and then decreases due to less structural stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) tests were performed to study the crystallinity changes and microstructure of hydrogels. Finally, the power law model was applied to study the transform mechanism of hydrogels.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ch. Ch. Lin and A. T. Metters, Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 58, 1379 (2006).
S. Ch. Chen, Y.Ch. Wu, F. L. Mi, Y.H. Lin, L. Ch. Yu and H.W. Sung, J. Control. Release, 96, 285 (2004).
M.V. Risbud, A.A. Hardikar, S.V. Bhat and R. R. Bhonde, J. Control. Release, 68, 23 (2000).
C.T. Aranilla, F. Yoshii, A. M. Rosa and K. Makuuchi, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 55(12), 127 (1999).
M. Zhai, Y. Zhang, J. Ren, M. Yi, H. Ha and J. F. Kennedy, Carbohyd Polym., 58, 35 (2004).
O. Sipahigil and B. Dortunc, Int. J. Pharm., 228, 119 (2001).
H. Sjoberg, S. Persson and N. C. Lelham, J. Control. Release, 59, 391 (1999).
M. J. Carlucci, C. A. Pujol, A. M. Cianci, M. D. Noseda, M. C. Matulewicz, E. B. Damonte and A. S. Cerezo, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 20 (1997).
K. B. Guiseley, US Patent, 4,096,327 (1978).
A. L. Daniel-da-Silva, A.B. Lopes, A. M. Gil and R. N. Correia, J. Mater. Sci., 42, 8581 (2007).
W. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Kang and A. Wang, Composites: Part B., 42, 809 (2011).
S.B. Lin, J. H. Wu, K. D. Yao, K.Y. Cai, C. M. Xiao and C. J. Jiang, Compos Interface., 11, 271 (2004).
I. I. Muhamad, L. S. Fen, H. Ng. Hui and N. A. Mustapha, Carbohyd Polym., 83, 1207 (2011).
R. Meena, K. Prasad and A. K. Siddhanta, Food Hydrocolloid., 23, 497 (2009).
R. Touyama, Y. Takeda, K. Inoue, I. Kawamura, M. Yatsuzuka, T. Ikumoto, T. Shingu, T. Yokoi and H. Inouye, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 668 (1994).
A. Katchalsky and I. Michaeli, J. Polym. Sci., 15, 69 (1955).
L. Brannon-Peppas and N. A. Peppas, Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 715 (1991).
J. Ricka and T. Tanaka, Macromolecules., 17, 2916 (1984).
S. Francis, M. Kumar and L. Varshney, Radiat. Phys. and Chem., 69, 481 (2004).
S.W. Lee, J.M. Lim, S. H. Bhoo, Y. S. Paik and T. R. Hahn, Analytica Chemica Acta, 480, 267 (2003).
R. Jing and H. Hongfei, Eur. Polym. J., 37, 3413 (2001).
S. Gorgieva and V. Kokol, Carbohyd Polym., 85, 664 (2011).
G. P. Palace, R. Fitzpatrick, K. V. Tran, H. C. Phoebe Jr. and K. Norton, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1472, 509 (1999).
F. Q. Han, B. Shao, Q.W. Wang, C.G. Guo and Y. X. Liu, Pigm. Resin. Technol., 39, 156 (2010).
T. T. Lau, C. Wang and D. Wang, Compos. Sci. Technol., 70, 1909 (2010).
E. Daniela and E. O. Camelia, Chem. Eng. Comm., 10, 1269 (2008).
C. S. Brazel and N. A. Peppas, Polymer, 40, 3383 (1999).
N. A. Peppas, Pharm. Acta Helv., 60, 110 (1985).
P. L. Ritger and N. A. Peppas, J. Control. Release, 5, 37 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hezaveh, H., Muhamad, I.I. Effect of natural cross-linker on swelling and structural stability of kappa-carrageenan/hydroxyethyl cellulose pH-sensitive hydrogels. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 29, 1647–1655 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-012-0056-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-012-0056-6