Abstract
Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effects on surface irradiance were examined using seven years (2006–2012) of Cimel sunphotometer data collected at Panyu—the main atmospheric composition monitoring station in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China. During the dry season (October to February), mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, the Ångström exponent, and the single scattering albedo at 440 nm (SSA) were 0.54, 1.33 and 0.87, respectively. About 90% of aerosols were dominated by fine-mode strongly absorbing particles. The size distribution was bimodal, with fine-mode particles dominating. The fine mode showed a peak at a radius of 0.12 μm in February and October (∼ 0.10 μm3μm-2). The mean diurnal shortwave direct radiative forcing at the surface, inside the atmosphere (FATM), and at the top of the atmosphere, was −33.4±7.0, 26.1±5.6 and −7.3±2.7Wm−2, respectively. The corresponding mean values of aerosol direct shortwave radiative forcing per AOD were −60.0 ± 7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 and −12.8 ± 3.1 W m−2, respectively. Moreover, during the study period, FATM showed a significant decreasing trend (p < 0.01) and SSA increased from 0.87 in 2006 to 0.91 in 2012, suggesting a decreasing trend of absorbing particles being released into the atmosphere. Optical properties and radiative impacts of the absorbing particles can be used to improve the accuracy of inversion algorithms for satellite-based aerosol retrievals in the PRD region and to better constrain the climate effect of aerosols in climate models.
摘 要
珠江三角洲区域是我国经济较发达的地区, 近年来其空气质量出现了显著的改变. 自 2006 年以来, 人们利用多种手段对区域气溶胶的光学, 辐射以及化学特性等方面开展了大量观测. 然而, 到目前为止, 对区域气溶胶的辐射特性以及辐射强迫仍然知之甚少. 本研究利用珠三角地区大气成分观测站网的主站-番禺雷达站 7 年 (2006-2012) 的太阳光度计观测资料, 研究了气溶胶光学特性及到达地表的直接辐射效应. 结果表明, 在干季(10 月至次年 2 月), 气溶胶光学厚度 (550 nm), 波长指数 (470-870 nm) 和单次散射反照率 (440 nm) 的均值分别为 0.54, 1.33 和 0.87. 大约有 90% 的气溶胶为细模态, 强辐射吸收性的粒子. 气溶胶的体积尺度分布为双峰模态, 以细模态为主导, 其峰值为 0.10 μm3 μm−2, 峰值半径为 0.12 μm. 到达地表, 大气层内以及大气层顶的短波直接辐射强迫分别为 −33.4 ± 7.0, 26.1 ± 5.6 和 −7.3 ± 2.7 W m−2, 相应的直接辐射强迫效率为−60.0 ± 7.8, 47.3 ± 8.3 和 −12.8 ± 3.1 W m−2 τ−1. 在研究期间, 大气层内的直接辐射强迫表现出明显的下降趋势, 同时单次散射反照率从 2006 年的 0.87 上升到了 2012 年的 0.91, 表明大气中辐射吸收性粒子的排放量出现了减弱的倾向. 对辐射吸收性粒子光学和辐射效应的研究结果, 将有助于改进卫星资料反演珠三角区域气溶胶特性的精确度, 同时也为气候模式中气溶胶的气候效应提供更好地约束.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41475105, 41475138, 41405133 and 41605105), the National Key Project of MOST (Grant No. 2016YFC0202003, 2016YFC0203305, 2016YFC0201901), the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan (Grant No. 2015A020215020), the Science and Technology Innovative Research Team Plan of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (Grant No. 201506), and the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (Grant No. 2015B06). The availability of the data used for this study is fully described in section 2 of the paper. The MODIS data were downloaded from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We also thank the developers of the SKYRAD.pack software package and the SBDART model, and the staff at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University AERONET site. The constructive suggestions from the anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated.
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Mai, B., Deng, X., Li, Z. et al. Aerosol optical properties and radiative impacts in the Pearl River Delta region of China during the dry season. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 35, 195–208 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7092-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7092-4