Abstract
A high-quality disordered Nd3+:Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 (Nd3+:CGB) laser crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The space group and effective segregation coefficient of Nd3+ were determined to be Pnma and 1.06, respectively. The thermal properties, including the average linear thermal expansion coefficient, thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity were systematically measured for the first time. It was found that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing temperature, indicating glasslike behavior. The polarized spectral properties of the crystal were investigated, including the polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay. The spectroscopic parameters of Nd3+ ions in Nd3+:CGB crystal have been obtained based on Judd–Ofelt theory. The anisotropy of the spectral properties for different polarized directions was discussed. Additionally, the continuous-wave (CW) laser performance at 1.06 μm was demonstrated for the first time. The maximum output power of 603 mW was achieved with corresponding optical conversion efficiency of 8.33% and slope efficiency of 9.95%.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G.Q. Xie, D.Y. Tang, W.D. Tan, H. Luo, H.J. Zhang, H.H. Yu, J.Y. Wang, Opt. Lett. 34, 103 (2009)
G.Q. Xie, D.Y. Tang, H. Luo, H.J. Zhang, H.H. Yu, J.Y. Wang, X.T. Tao, M.H. Jiang, L.J. Qian, Opt. Lett. 33, 1872 (2008)
T.T. Basiev, N.A. Es’kov, A.Ya. Karasik, V.V. Osiko, A.A. Sobol, S.N. Ushakov, M. Helbig, Opt. Lett. 17, 201 (1992)
Y.Y. Zhang, H.J. Zhang, H.H. Yu, J.Y. Wang, W.L. Gao, M. Xu, S.Q. Sun, M.H. Jiang, R.I. Boughton, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 063534 (2010)
O.A. Aliev, P.F. Pza-Zade, L.R. Shakhalieva, Sci. Pap. Azerb. State Univ., Ser. Khim. 4, 18 (1970)
B.F. Dzhurinski, I.V. Tananaev, O.A. Aliev, Izv. Ak. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater. 4, 1972 (1968)
B.F. Dzhurinski, O.A. Aliev, I.V. Tananaev, Izv. Ak. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater. 6, 1592 (1970)
Y. Zhang, Z.B. Lin, Z.S. Hu, G.F. Wang, J. Solid State Chem. 177, 3183 (2004)
B.V. Mill, A.M. Tkachuk, E.L. Belokoneva, G.I. Ershova, D.I. Mironov, I.K. Razumova, J. Alloys Compd. 275, 291 (1998)
Z. Burshtein, Y. Shimony, I. Levy, A.M. Lejus, J.M. Benitez, F. Mougel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1941 (1996)
A.V. Terentiev, P.V. Prokoshin, K.V. Yumashev, V.P. Mikhailov, W. Ryba-Romanowski, S. Golab, W. Pisarski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2442 (1995)
C.Y. Tu, Y. Wang, Z.Y. You, J.F. Li, Z.J. Zhu, B.C. Wu, J. Cryst. Growth 265, 154 (2004)
H.J. Zhang, H.D. Jiang, J.Y. Wang, X.B. Hu, G.W. Yu, W.T. Yu, L. Gao, J.A. Liu, S.J. Zhang, M.H. Jiang, Appl. Phys. A 78, 889 (2004)
H.D. Jiang, J.Y. Wang, H.J. Zhang, X.B. Hu, H. Liu, Opt. Mater. 23, 461 (2003)
Y.G. Yu, J.Y. Wang, H.J. Zhang, Z.P. Wang, H.H. Yu, M.H. Jiang, Opt. Lett. 34, 467 (2009)
S. Ivanov, V.Ya.L. Zhurov, Karpov Inst. of physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, ICDD Grant-in-Aid, 1996
J.F. Nye, Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985)
W.W. Ge, H.J. Zhang, J.Y. Wang, J.H. Liu, X.G. Xu, X.B. Hu, M.H. Jiang, D.G. Ran, S.Q. Sun, H.R. Xia, R.I. Boughton, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 013542 (2005)
C.Q. Wang, H.J. Zhang, X.L. Meng, L. Zhu, Y.T. Chow, X.S. Liu, R.P. Cheng, Z.H. Yang, S.J. Zhang, L.K. Sun, J. Cryst. Growth 220, 114 (2000)
H.J. Zhang, L. Zhu, X.L. Meng, Z.H. Yang, C.Q. Wang, W.T. Yu, Y.T. Chow, M.K. Lu, Cryst. Res. Technol. 34, 1011 (1999)
C.L. Choy, W.P. Leung, T.G. Xi, Y. Fei, C.F. Shao, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 170 (1992)
C. Kittel, Phys. Rev. 75, 972 (1949)
C.L. Choy, W.P. Leung, T.G. Xi, Y. Fei, C.F. Shao, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 170 (1992)
Y. Wang, C.Y. Tu, Z.Y. You, J.F. Li, Z.J. Zhu, G.H. Jia, X.A. Lu, B.C. Wu, J. Mod. Opt. 53, 1141 (2006)
W.F. Krupke, Phys. Rev. 145, 325 (1966)
B.R. Judd, Phys. Rev. 127, 750 (1962)
G.S. Ofelt, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 511 (1962)
W.T. Carnall, P.R. Fields, K. Rajnak, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 4424 (1968)
P.H. Haumesser, R. Gaume, B. Viana, D. Vivien, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2365 (2002)
Z. Luo, X. Chen, T. Zhao, Opt. Commun. 134, 415 (1997)
E. Cavalli, E. Zannoni, A. Belletti, V. Carozzo, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, M. Bettinelli, Appl. Phys. B 68, 677 (1999)
A.A. Kaminskii, Crystalline Lasers: Physical Processes and Operating Schemes (CRC Press, New York, 1996)
H. Zhang, Z. Luo et al., Chin. J. Infrared Res.. Ser. A, Chin. Ed. 7, 297 (1998)
A.A. Kaminskii, Laser Crystals (Springer, Berlin, 1981)
Y. Zhang, Z.b. Lin, Z.S. Hu, G.F. Wang, J. Solid State Chem. 177, 3183 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pan, Z.B., Zhang, H.J., Yu, H.H. et al. Growth and characterization of Nd-doped disordered Ca3Gd2(BO3)4 crystal. Appl. Phys. B 106, 197–209 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4737-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4737-3