Abstract
The release of three new potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivars, Bannock Russet, Gem Russet, and Summit Russet, with unique plant growth characteristics, necessitates the development of appropriate N fertilizer recommendations. These three new cultivars, along with the standard cultivar, Russet Burbank, were treated with four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha−1) using two different application timing procedures (“early,” with two-thirds N applied preplant, and “late,” with one-third applied preplant). Measurements included total and U.S. No. 1 yields, petiole NO3-N concentrations, and net returns derived from economic analysis using a processing-based contract. Each of the four cultivars showed a unique response to N application treatments. Bannock Russet achieved maximum yield and net returns with relatively small amounts of N fertilizer. It also showed no response to N application timing and had moderate NO3-N sufficiency concentrations early in the season, that decreased markedly late in the season. Gem Russet N requirement for maximum yield was similar to that of Russet Burbank, but required a higher amount of N for maximum net returns. Gem Russet also showed no response to application timing and had NO3-N sufficiency concentrations similar to or slightly higher than those of Russet Burbank. Summit Russet showed a strong trend for improved N use-efficiency when most of the N was applied early. On the other hand, analysis of net returns revealed a trend for greater profitability for Summit Russet when the majority of N was applied during tuber bulking. Petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations for Summit Russet were generally higher than those for the other three cultivars. In comparison with some earlier studies with Russet Burbank, this research suggested lower optimal N rates and petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations.
Resumen
La liberación de tres nuevos cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), Bannock Russet, Gem Russet, y Summit Russet que tienen características únicas de crecimiento, requieren del desarrollo de recomendaciones apropiadas de fertilización nitrogenada. Estos tres nuevos cultivares junto con el cultivar estándar Russet Burbank, fueron tratados con tres dosis (0,100,200 y 300 Kg de N/ha−1) utilizando dos procedimientos de aplicación (“temprano,” con las dos terceras partes de nitrógeno aplicadas antes de la siembra y “tardio,” con la tercera parte de N aplicada antes de la siembra). Se tomó en cuenta el rendimiento total y el rendimiento de U.S. No. 1, concentración de NO3-N en los pecíolos y utilidades netas derivadas del análisis económico neto por contrato de procesamiento. Cada uno de los cuatro cultivares mostró una respuesta especial a los tratamientos de aplicación de N. Bannock Russet alcanzó un rendimiento máximo y utilidad neta con cantidades relativamente pequenas de fertilizante nitrogenado. No mostró respuesta a la época de aplicación de N y tuvo una moderada concentración de NO3-N en los inicios, la misma que fue decreciendo marcadamente hacia finales del período de cultivo. Los requerimientos de N de Gem Russet para un rendimiento máximo fueron similares a los de Russet Burbank pero necesitó una mayor cantidad de N para obtener una utilidad neta máxima. Gem Russet tampoco mostró respuesta a la época de aplicación y presentó suficiente concentratión de NO3-N similar o ligeramente superior a la de Russet Burbank. Summit Russet mostró una fuerte tendencia al uso de N cuando se aplicó con la modalidad de “temprano.rd Por otra parte, el análisis de utilidades netas reveló la tendencia de Summit Russet a una mayor utilidad, cuando la mayor cantidad de N se aplicó en la etapa de desarrollo del cultivo. Las concentraciones adecuadas de NO3-N en el pecíolo fueron generalmente mayores para Summit Russet que para los otros tres cultivares. Comparativamente con algunos estudios anteriores de Russet Burbank, esta investigacion sugiere el empleo de dosis mas bajas de N y de concentraciones adecuadas de NO3-N en el peciolo.
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Abbreviations
- N:
-
nitrogen
- NO3-N:
-
nitrate nitrogen
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Love, S.L., Stark, J.C. & Salaiz, T. Response of four potato cultivars to rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer. Amer J of Potato Res 82, 21–30 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894916
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894916