Abstract
Applying less N on Russet Burbank potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at planting time may reduce the potential loss of N from sandy soil by wind erosion and leaching early in the season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rate and time of N fertilization on potato production. Potatoes were grown in outdoor pot cultures with N rates of 75,150 and 300 ppm and in field plots with N rates from 112 to 448 kg N/ha applied in single and split applications. The results from pot cultures harvested after one month’s growth showed that yield of tops increased and tuber yield decreased as applied N at planting increased from 75 ppm to 150 or 300 ppm. Field results showed that the yield of potatoes was as high or higher when N applications were split between planting and when plants were 15 to 20 cm tall (early tuberization) as with the same amount of N applied at planting. Generally 112 kg N/ha at planting time was sufficient when additional N was applied after emergence. Split application of N resulted in more second growth on tubers than when all of the N was applied at planting.
Resumen
El aplicar menos N en papas de la variedad Russet Burbanl (Solanum tuberosum L.) al momento de la siembra puede reducir la pédida potencial de N en suelos arenosos debido a la erosíon por viento y lixiviación temprana en la estación de cultivo. El objetivo de este estudio fué evaluar el efecto de la dosis y momento de fertilización nitrogenada en la producción de papas. Las papas fueron cultivadas en macetas en el exterior con dosis de 15,150 y 300 ppm de N, y en parcelas en el campo con dosis de 112 a 448 kg N/ha, en una aplicación o en parcialidades. Los resultados de los cultivos en macetas después de un mes de crecimiento mostraron un aumento de la produccioń de partes aéreas de la planta y reducción del rendimiento cuando el N aplicado en la siembra aumentó de 75 ppm a 150 o 300 ppm. Los resultados de campo mostraron que el rendimiento de la papa fué similar o mayor cuando las aplicaciones de N fueron divididas entre el momento de la siembra y cuando las plantas tenían 15 a 20 cm de altura (tuberización temprana) que al aplicar la misma cantidad de N solo al momento de la siembra. En general, la dosis de 112 kg/ha al momento de la siembra fué suficiente cuando una aplicación suplementaria de N fué aplicada dispués de la emergencia. La aplicación parcializada de N resultó en mayor proporción de tubérculos con crecimiento secundario que al aplicar todo el N en la siembra.
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Scientific Paper No. 5894. Washington State University College of Agriculture Research Center, Pullman. Project 1990. Partial financial support was provided by the Northwest Plant Food Association, Portland, OR.
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Roberts, S., Weaver, W.H. & Phelps, J.P. Effect of rate and time of fertilization on nitrogen and yield of Russet Burbank potatoes under center pivot irrigation. American Potato Journal 59, 77–86 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866399
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866399