Abstract
In the present study, benzaldehyde was converted by both the free cellsSaccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 834) and those immobilized in the calcium alginate liquid-core capsule intoL-PAC during anaerobic fermentation in a medium containing benzaldehyde. In a free cells survey, skipping aerobic adaptation before anaerobic fermentation caused all of benzaldehyde to be converted by 220 g (wet weight) of cells in 100 mL of the medium even at a higher concentration of 8 g/L benzaldehyde. The yield of L-PAC based on the moles of converted benzaldehyde increased as the amount of benzaldehyde dose was increased. The encapsulation protected cells effectively from the toxicity of benzaldehyde. Even a small quantity, 1.1 g (dry weight), of encapsulated cells in 100 mL of the medium containing 0.6% benzaldehyde converted more than 95% of the benzaldehyde, and the corresponding yield of L-PAC was about 40%. The production of L-PAC by the encapsulated cells depended on the pH of the medium. The conversion of benzaldehyde decreased slightly, but yield of L-PAC increased as the pH of the broth solution was fixed at a lower value. Biotransformation in a small side reactor of the batch system caused higher yield of L-PAC than that in the batch reactor containing the same quantity of encapsulated cells during the first 4 hours of fermentation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Agarwal, S. C., Basu, S. K., Vora, V. V., Mason, J. R. and Pirt, S. J., Korean J. Chem. Eng.(Vol. 18, No. 3) “Studies on the Production of L-Acetyl Phenyl Carbinol by Yeast Employing Benzaldehyde as Precursor,”Biotechnol. Bioeng.,29,783 (1987).
Astrup, A., Breum, L., Toubro, S., Hein, P. and Quaade, F.,“The Effect and Safety of an Ephedrine-caffeine Compound Compared to Ephedrine, Caffeine and Placebo in Obese Subjects on an Energy Restricted Diet: a Double Blind Trial. Int,”J. Obesity,16,269 (1992a).
Astrup, A., Buemann, B., Christensen, N. J., Toubro, S., Thoeb, G., Victor, O. J. and Quaade, F.,“The Effect of Ephedrine/Caffeine Mixture on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Obese Women,”Metabolism,41,686 (1992b).
Buchholz, K.,“Characterization of Immobilized Biocatalysis. In: Dechema Monographs,” Verlag Chmie, Veinheim,84 (1979).
Chang, H. N., Seong, G. H., Yoo, I. K., Park, J. K. and Seo, J. H.,“Microencapsulation of RecombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiae Cells with Invertase Activity in Liquid-core Alginate Capsules,”Biotechnol. Bioeng.,51,157 (1996).
Chang, H. N., Seong, G. H., Yoo, I. K., Park, J. K. and Seo, J. H.,“Method for Immobilization of Whole Microbial Cells in Calcium Alginate Capsules,” US Patent, 5766907 (1998).
Cheong, S. H., Park, J. K. and Chang, H. N.,“Ethanol Production Using Membrane Encapsulated Yeast,”HWAHAK KONGHAK,31,788 (1993a).
Cheong, S. H., Park, J. K., Kim, B. S. and Chang, H. N.,“Microencapsulation of Yeast Cells in the Calcium Alginate Membrane,”Biotechnol. Tech.,7,879 (1993b).
Culic, J., Netrval, J., Ulbrecht, S., Souhrada, J., Vojtisek, V. and Vodnansky, M.,“Method of the Cost Production in the Production of D-(-)-1-phenyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-2-propanone for the Preparation of L-(-)ephedrine,” Czech Patent, 222941 (1984).
Kurosawa, H., Nomura, N. and Tanaka, H.,“Ethanol Production from Starch by a Coimmobilized Mixed Culture System ofAsperigillus awamori andSaccharomyces cerevisiae,”Biotechnol. Bioeng.,33,716(1989).
Lee, J. W. and Yoo, Y. J.,“Application of Adaptive Control with Rulebases to Cell Recycled Continuous Bioreactor for Ethanol Production,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,11,119 (1994).
Long, A. and Ward, O. P.,“Biotransformation of Bnezaldehyde bySaccharomyces cerevisiae: Characterization of the Fermentation and Toxicity Effects of Substrates and Products,”Biotechnol. Bioeng.,34,933 (1989).
Mahmoud, W. M., El-Sayed, A. M. M. and Coughlin, R. W.,“Production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol by Immobilized Yeast Cells: I. Batch Fermentation,”Biotech. Bioeng.,36,47 (1990a).
Mahmoud, W. M., El-Sayed, A. M. M. and Coughlin, R W.,“Production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol by Immobilized Yeast Cell: II. Semicontinuous Fermentation,”Biotech. Bioeng.,36,55 (1990b).
Neuberg, C. and Lieberman, L.,“Zur Kenntnis der Carboligase II,”Biochem.Z.,121,311 (1921).
Nikolova, P. and Ward, O. P.,“Effect of Support Matrix on Ratio of Product to Byproduct Formation in L-Phenylacetyl Carbinol Synthesis,”Biotech. Lett.,16,7 (1994).
Oh, C. Y. and Park, J. K.,“The Characteristics of Encapsulated Whole Cell Β-galactosidase,”Bioproc. Eng.,19,419 (1998).
Rogers, P. L., Shin, H. S. and Wang, B.,“Biotransformation for Lephedrine Production,”Advances Biochem. Eng. Biotech.,56,33 (1997).
Seely, R. J., Hageman, R. V., Yarus, M. J. and Sullivan, S. A.,“Process for Producing L-PAC. An Immobilized Cell Mass for Us in the Process and Method for Preparing Cell Mass,” US Patent,89, 64421 (1989).
Tripathi, C. K. M., Basu, S. K., Vara, V. C., Mason, J. R. and Pirt, S. J.,“Continuous Cultivation of a Yeast Strain for Biotransformation of L-Phenyl Acetyl Carbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde,”Biotech. Letts.,10,635 (1988).
Vojtisek, V. and Netrval, J.,“Effect of PDC Activity and Pyruvate Concentration on Production of 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropanone inSaccharomyces carlsbergensisi,”Folia Microbiol.,27,173 (1982).
Wang, B., Shin, H. S. and Rogers, P. L.,“Microbial and Enzymatic Biotransformation of Benzaldehyde to L-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC). In: Better Living through Innovative Biochemical Engineering,” Continental Press, Singapore (1994).
Yeom, S. H. and Yoo, Y. J.,“Overcoming the Inhibition Effects of Metal Ions in the Degradation of Benzene and Toluene byAlcaligenes xylosoxidians Y234,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,14,204 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, J.K., Lee, K.D. Production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) by encapsulatedSaccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18, 363–370 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02699179
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02699179