Abstract
Mass screening for gastric cancer in Japan has been conducted nationwide since 1960. The total number of examinees in 1985 amounted to 5,161,876 and 6,240 cases (0.12%) of gastric cancer were detected. Approximately half of these cases were early stage cancers. According to the studies of mass gastric screening in the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the sensitivity of the screening test by the indirect x-ray method was 82.4%, and the specificity was 77.2%. The positive predictive value was 1.78%. Recently, mortality from gastric cancer has been decreasing in Japan. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the decreasing trend of mortality from cancer of the stomach and the effectiveness of mass gastric screening. From these studies and from time trend analyses of incidence and death rates, case-control studies, nonexperimental cohort studies, etc., it is believed that mass screening for gastric cancer is effective in reducing the death rate from cancer at this site.
Résumé
Le dépistage national pour le cancer gastrique est établi au Japon depuis 1960. Le nombre de patients examinés en 1985 était 5,161,876; 6,240 (0.12%) cas de cancer gastrique ont été détectés. La moitié environ de ces cas étaient des cancers à un stade précoce. Selon les chiffres de la Préfecture de Miyagi, la sensibilité du dépistage par la radioscopie mobile était de 82.4%, la spécificité de 77.2%, et la valeur prédictive positive de 1.78%. Plus récemment, la mortalité due au cancer gastrique était en régression au Japon. Bien des études ont été consacrées à l'efficacité du dépistage de masse dans l'abaissement du taux de mortalité du cancer. De ces résultats et d'après les analyses actuarielles de l'incidence et de la mortalité, les études rétrospectives comparant les groupes atteints de cancer et ceux qui restent indemnes, les études non expérimentales de groupes et autres, on a conclu que le dépistage de masse est efficace pour réduire la mortalité du cancer gastrique.
Resumen
El tamizaje masivo para cáncer gástrico a nivel nacional ha sido realizado en el Japon desde 1960. El núméro total de personas examinadas en 1985 ascendió a 5,161,876 y se detectaron 6,240 (0.12%) cánceres gástricos. Aproximadamente la mitad de estos casos fueron cánceres en estadio temprano. Según los estudios de tamizaje gástrico masivo en la Prefectura Miyagi, Japón, la sensibilidad de la prueba de tamizaje mediante el método indirecto de rayos x es 82.4%, y la especificidad, 77.2%. El valor de predicción positiva es 1.78%. Recientemente, la tasa de mortalidad del cáncer gástrico ha venido disminuyendo. Muchos estudios han sido realizados para investigar la relación entre la decreciente tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer del estómago y la efectividad del tamizaje gástrico masivo. Los resultados de tales estudios, así como los análisis de incidencia cronológica, los estudios sobre casos controlados, y sobre cohortes no expérimentales, etc., permiten afirmar que el tamizaje masivo para cáncer gástrico es efectivo en cuanto a la reducción de tasa de mortalidad del cáncer de estómago.
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Hisamichi, S. Screening for gastric cancer. World J. Surg. 13, 31–37 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01671151
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01671151