Summary
The study of the vibrational data for a large number of cyano-complexes of the transition metals within a factored force field scheme (also known as Cotton-Kraihanzel force field) shows that CN bond strengths in these complexes only depend, to a good degree of approximation, on the coordination number and oxidation state of the central metal cation. This is summarized in a linear equation which provides a rough estimate for the CN stretching frequencies of many cyanocomplexes not fully characterized. For mixed ligand cyanocomplexes, the observed trends are rationalized in terms of the π-acid properties of the hetero-ligand and a good correlation is found between the CN stretching force constant and the electronegativity of the hetero-ligand. When the cyano-group bridges two metal atoms in polynuclear complexes, a strengthening of the CN bond is apparent in the values of the force constants of the bridging groups, while the strength of the terminal cyano-group is not affected by the bridge formation.
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Alvarez, S., López, C. & Bermejo, M.J. C-N stretching force constants in cyano complexes: General trends for polycyano, mixed-ligand and cyano-bridged complexes. Transition Met Chem 9, 123–126 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00935925
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00935925