Abstract
The hypothesis that gravity at very high energies and, hence, around the Planck epoch in the early universe is described by an action quadratic in the curvature, asymptotically free in the coupling is explored. It is shown that the flatness and horizon problems can be resolved in this framework without invoking inflation.
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Sivaram, C., Campanelli, M. Some consequences of quadratic gravity for the early universe. Astrophys Space Sci 192, 141–144 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00653269
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00653269