Abstract
From marine and freshwater mud samples and from human saliva new strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, nonsporeforming bacteria were isolated growing with succinate as sole source of carbon and energy. All strains grew in defined mineral media containing at least 1% sodium chloride. Succinate was stoichiometrically transformed to propionate und carbon dioxide; the growth yield varied between 2.1 and 2.4 g cell dry weight per mol of succinate fermented. In addition to succinate, only fumarate, l-aspartate, l-malate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate, were utilized and were stoichiometrically fermented to propionate and acetate. Yeast extract was not fermented but enhanced growth rates and yields. Neither sulfate, sulfur, nor nitrate were reduced. The DNA base ratio was 33.9±0.3 mol % guanine plus cytosine. A marine isolate, strain Gra Succ 2, is described as type strain of a new species, Propionigenium modestum gen. nov. sp. nov., in the family Bacteroidaceae.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
American Public Health Association Inc., Ed (1969) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater including bottom sediments and sludge. New York, pp 604–609
Biebl H, Pfennig N (1981) Isolation of members of the family Rhodospirillaceae. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes, a handbook on habitats, isolation, and identification of bacteria. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 267–273
Blackburn TH, Hungate RE (1963) Succinic acid turnover and propionate production in the bovine rumen. Appl Microbiol 11:132–135
Boone DR, Bryant MP (1980) Propionate-degrading bacterium, Syntrophobacter wolinii sp. nov. gen.nov., from methanogenic ecosystems. Appl environ Microbiol 40:626–632
Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (1974) Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. Williams and Wilkins Co, Baltimore
Cline JD (1969) Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters. Limnol Oceanogr 14:454–458
Dawson KA, Allison MJ, Hartman PA (1980) Isolation and some characteristics of anaerobic oxalate-degrading bacteria from the rumen. Appl Environ Microbiol 40:833–839
DeLey J (1970) Reexamination of the association between melting point, buoyant density and the chemical base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol 101:738–754
De Vries W, Rietveld-Struyck TRM, Stouthamer AH (1977) ATP formation associated with fumarate and nitrate reduction in growing cultures of Veillonella alcalescens. Antonic van Leeuwenhoek, J Microbiol Serol 43:153–167
Dimroth P (1980) A new sodium-transport system energized by the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate. FEBS Lett 122:234–236
Dimroth P (1981) Characterization of a membrane-bound biotincontaining enzyme: Oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes. Eur J Biochem 115:353–358
Evans WC (1977) Biochemistry of the bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds in anaerobic environments. Nature (London) 270:17–22
Gottschalk G, Andreesen JR (1979) Energy metabolism in anaerobes. In: Quayle JR (ed) International review of biochemistry. Microbial biochemistry, vol 21. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 85–115
Hartree EF (1972) Detemination of protein: a modification of the Lowry method that gives a linear photometric response. Anal Biochem 48:422–427
Hilpert W, Dimroth P (1982) Conversion of the chemical energy of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylation into a Na+ gradient. Nature 296:584–585
Konings WN, Veldkamp H (1980). Phenotype responses to environmental change. In: Ellwood DC, Hedger JN, Latham MJ, Lynch JM, Slater JH (eds) Contemporary microbial ecology. Academic Press, London, pp 161–191
Lee SY, Mabee MS, Jangaard NO (1978) Pectinatus, a new genus of the family Bacteroidaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28:582–594
Macy J, Probst I, Gottschalk G (1975) Evidence for cytochrome involvement in fumarate reduction and adenosine 5′-triphosphate synthesis by Bacteroides fragilis grown in the presence of hemin. J Bacteriol 123:436–442
Magee CM, Rodeheaver G, Edgerton MT, Edlich RF (1975) A more reliable Gram staining technic for diagnosis of surgical infections. American J Surgery 130:341–346
Mah RA, Smith MR, Baresi L (1978) Studies on an acetate-fermenting strain of Methanosarcina. Appl Environ Microbiol 35:1174–1185
Marmur J (1961) A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3:208–218
Mays TD, Holdeman LV, Moore WEC, Rogosa M, Johnson JL (1982) Taxonomy of the genus Veillonella Prévot. Int J Syst Bacteriol 32:28–36
Pfennig N (1978) Rhodocyclus purpureus gen. nov. and sp. nov., a ringshaped, vitamin B12-requiring member of the family Rhodospirillaceae. Int J syst Bacteriol 28:283–288
Pfennig N, Biebl H (1976) Desulfuromonas acetoxidans gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new anaerobic, sulfur-reducing, acetate-oxidizing bacterium. Arch Microbiol 110:3–12
Rogosa M (1964) The genus Veillonella. I. General cultural, ecological, and biochemical considerations. J Bacteriol 87:162–170
Rogosa M (1974) Gram-negative anaerobic cocci. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, pp 445–449
Scheifinger CC, Wolin MJ (1973) Propionate formation from cellulose and soluble sugars by combined cultures of Bacteroides succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium. Appl Microbiol 26:789–795
Schink B, Pfennig N (1982) Fermentation of trihydroxybenzenes by Pelobacter acidigallici gen. nov.sp.nov., a new strictly anaerobic, non-sporeforming bacterium. Arch Microbiol 133:195–201
Schink B, Thompson TE, Zeikus JG (1982) Characterization of Propionispira arboris gen. nov.sp.nov., a nitrogen-fixing anaerobe common to wetwoods of living trees. J Gen Microbiol (in press)
Stouthamer AH (1980) Electron transport linked phosphorylation in anaerobes. In: Gottschalk G, Pfennig N, Werner H (eds) Anaerobes and anaerobic infections. Fischer, Stuttgart New York, pp 17–29
Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K (1977) Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:100–180
Weimer PJ, Zeikus JG (1978) Acetate metabolism in Methanosarcina barkeri. Arch Microbiol 119:175–182
Widdel F (1980) Anaerober Abbau von Fettsäuren und Benzoesäure durch neu isolierte Arten Sulfat-reduzierender Bakterien. Diss Univ Göttingen
Widdel F, Pfennig N (1981) Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids. I. Isolation of new sulfatereducing bacteria enriched with acetate from saline environments. Description of Desulfobacter postgatei gen.nov.sp.nov. Arch Microbiol 129:395–400
Widdel F, Pfennig N (1982) Studies on dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids. II. Incomplete oxidation of propionate by Desulfobulbus propionicus gen.nov.sp.nov. Arch Microbiol 131:360–365
Yousten AA, Delwiche EA (1961) Biotin and vitamin B12 coenzymes in succinate decarboxylation by Propionibacterium pentosaceum and Veillonella alcalescens. Bacteriol Proc 61:175
Zebe E (1975) In vivo-Untersuchungen über den Glucose-Abbau bei Arenicola marina (Annelida, Polychaeta). J Comp Physiol 101:133–145
Zehnder AJB, Brock TD (1979) Biological energy production in the apparent absence of electron transport and substrate level phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 107:1–3
Zehnder AJB, Huser BA, Brock TD, Wuhrmann K (1980) Characterization of an acetate-decarboxylating, non-hydrogenoxidizing methane bacterium. Arch Microbiol 124:1–11
Zeikus JG (1977) The biology of methanogenic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 41:511–541
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schink, B., Pfennig, N. Propionigenium modestum gen. nov. sp. nov. a new strictly anaerobic, nonsporing bacterium growing on succinate. Arch. Microbiol. 133, 209–216 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00415003
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00415003