Summary
The ergosterol content of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 5905 varied between 2–24 μg/ mg biomass dry matter when grown in laboratory media and was found to be influenced by the substrate composition.
When grown on a natural substrate (soya beans) the ergosterol content was considerably higher (estimated at approx. 60–90 μg/mg biomass dry matter).
In laboratory media, the ergosterol content was also influenced by the extent of aeration and the growth phase of the mycelium; within the range of 25° C–35° C, the incubation temperature did not influence the ergosterol content significantly.
In view of these variations, ergosterol should not be used as a chemical index for the quantification of biomass grown in static solid-substrate fermentations with limited mass transfer, e.g. tempe or oncom.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Arima K, Uozumi T (1967) A new method for the estimation of the mycelial weight in koji. Agric Biol Chem 31:119–123
Cannel E, Moo-Young M (1980a) Solid-state fermentation systems. Process biochem 15:2, 4 6–7
Cannel E, Moo-Young M (1980b) Solid-state fermentation systems. Process Biochem 15:24–28
Charles M, Gavin JR (1977) Engineering studies of the tempe fermentation. In: Steinkraus KH (ed) Handbook of indigenous fermented foods. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 74–87
Cousin MA, Zeidler CS, Nelson PE (1984) Chemical detection of mold in processed foods. J Food Sci 49:439–445
Delaveau J, Lipus G, Moll M (1983) Importance des stérols au cours du cycle de la levure de brasserie. Bios 14:37–40
Finger SM, Hatch RT, Regan TM (1976) Aerobic microbial growth in semisolid matrices: heat and mass transfer limitation. Biotechnol Bioeng 18:1193–1218
Harris CM, Kell DB (1985) The estimation of microbial biomass. Biosensors 1:17–84
Jarvis B, Seiler DAL, Ould AJL, Williams AP (1983) Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and feeding-stuffs. J Appl Bact 55:325–336
Ko SD, Hesseltine CW (1979) Tempe and related foods. In: Rose AH (ed) Economic Microbiology, Vol. 4. Microbial Biomass. Academic Press, London, pp 115–140
Kronenberg H-J, Hang YD (1985) A puncture test method for monitoring solid substrate fermentation. J Food Sci 50:539–540
Lindenfelser LA, Ciegler A (1975) Solid-substrate fermentor for ochratoxin A production. Appl Microbiol 29:323–327
Matcham SE, Jordan BR, Wood DA (1985) Estimation of fungal biomass in a soild substrate by three independent methods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 21:108–112
Nout MJR (1984) Influence of sample size and analytical procedure on the variance of surface mould plate counts of maizekernels. Chem Mikrobiol Technol Lebensm 8:133–136
Rathbun BL, Shuler ML (1983) Heat and mass transfer effects in static solid-substrate fermentations: design of fermentation chambers. Biotechnol Bioeng 25:929–938
Sakaguchi K, Okazaki H, Takeuchi M (1955) A note on the comparison of koji and submerged cultures. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 29:349
Schipper MAA, Stalpers JA (1984) A revision of the genus Rhizopus. 2. The Rhizopus microsporus group. Studies in Mycology (Baarn) No. 25:20–34
Seitz LM, Mohr HE, Burroughs R, Sauer DB (1977) Ergosterol as an indicator of fungal invasion in grains. Cereal Chem 54:1207–1217
Seitz LM, Sauer DB, Burroughs R, Mohr HE, Hubbard JD (1979) Ergosterol as a measure of fungal growth. Phytopath 69:1202–1203
Seitz LM, Pomeranz Y (1983) Ergosterol, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol peroxide, and chitin in ergoty barley, rye and other grasses. J Agric Food Chem 31:1036–1038
Weete JD, Lawler GC, Laseter JL (1973) Total lipid and sterol components of Rhizopus arrhizus: identification and metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 155:411–419
Yamamoto K (1957) Studies on koji. 1. A new analytical method of koji. Bull Agr Chem Soc Japan 21:308–312
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nout, M.J.R., Bonants-van Laarhoven, T.M.G., de Jongh, P. et al. Ergosterol content of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 5905 grown in liquid and solid substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26, 456–461 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00253532
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00253532