Abstract
Transcript levels of two plastid genes were investigated during early seedling development of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) until 96 h after sowing. The two genes, which are closely linked and have the same polarity, are the psbA gene encoding the Mr 32–35000 herbicide-binding QB-protein of photosystem II and the trnK gene encoding plastid tRNALys (UUU) and potentially an intron-derived maturase-related protein. By using Northern and dot blot hybridization techniques with sensitive RNA probes, the 1.2 kb psbA transcript was found to be present in low amounts during the initial phase of seed germination. Thereafter, it increases in concentration both in light- and dark-grown seedlings until approximately 48 h after sowing. A further increase in psbA transcript concentration during the subsequent phase until 96 h was observed in light-grown, but not in dark-grown seedlings. The 2.8 kb trnK transcript is one to two orders of magnitude less abundant than the psbA transcript throughout the time period investigated. The concentration of this transcript is light-independent and shows a transient peak level at around 48 h, i.e. at the onset of light-enhanced accumulation of the psbA transcript.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bedbrook JR, Link G, Coen DM, Bogorad L, Rich A: Maize plastid gene expressed during photoregulated development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3060–3064 (1978).
Birnboim HC, Doly J: A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 7: 1513–1523 (1979).
Bottomley W, Smith HJ, Bogorad L: RNA polymerases of maize: Partial purification and properties of the chloroplast enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 2412–2416 (1971).
Boyer SK, Mullet JE: Characterization of P. sativum chloroplast psbA transcripts produced in vivo, in vitro and in E. coli. Plant Mol Biol 6: 229–243 (1986).
Cheley S, Anderson R: A reproducible microanalytical method for the detection of specific RNA sequences by dot-blot hybridization. Anal Biochem 137: 15–19 (1984).
Dietrich G, Link G: Transcriptional organization and possible function of mustard plastid DNA regions expressed in vivo. Curr Genet 9: 683–692 (1985).
Ellis JR: Chloroplast proteins: Synthesis, transport, and assembly. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 32: 111–137 (1981).
Fromm H, Devic M, Fluhr R, Edelman M: Control of psbA gene expression: In mature chloroplasts, light regulation of 32 kDa protein synthesis is independent of transcript level. EMBO J 4: 291–295 (1985).
Inamine G, Nash B, Weissbach H, Brot N: Light regulation of the synthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in peas: Evidence for translational control. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5690–5694 (1985).
Link G: Cloning and mapping of the chloroplast DNA sequences for two mRNAs from mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Nucleic Acids Res 15: 3681–3694 (1981).
Link G: Phytochrome control of plastid mRNA in mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Planta 154: 81–86 (1982).
Link G: Hybridization study of developmental plastid gene expression in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with cloned probes for most plastid DNA regions. Plant Mol Biol 3: 243–248 (1984).
Link G: DNA sequence requirements for the accurate transcription of a protein coding plastid gene in a plastid in vitro system from mustard (Sinapis alba L.). EMBO J 3: 1697–1704 (1984).
Link G, Langridge U: Structure of the chloroplast gene for the precursor of the Mr 32000 photosystem II protein from mustard (Sinapis alba). Nucleic Acids Res 12: 945–957 (1984).
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J: Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982).
Mattoo AK, Pick U, Hoffmann-Falk H, Edelman M: The rapidly metabolized 32000-dalton polypeptide of the chloroplast is the “proteinaceous shield” regulating photosystem II electron transport and mediating diuron herbicide sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 1572–1576 (1981).
Melton DA, Krieg PA, Rebagliati MR, Maniatis T, Zinn K, Green MR: Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and DNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 7035–7057 (1984).
Mohr H: Phytochrome and chloroplast development. In: Baker NR, Barber J (eds) Chloroplast Biogenesis, pp 307–347. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers (1984).
Neuhaus H, Link G: The chloroplast tRNALys (UUU) gene from mustard (Sinapis alba) contains a class II intron potentially coding for a maturase-related polypeptide. Curr Genet 11: 251–257 (1987).
Reiss T, Link G: Characterization of transcriptionally active DNA-protein complexes from chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Eur J Biochem 148: 207–212 (1985).
Richter G: Blue light control of the level of two plastid mRNAs in cultured plant cells. Plant Mol Biol 3: 271–276 (1984).
Rodermel SR, Bogorad L: Maize plastid photogenes: Mapping and photoregulation of transcript levels during light-induced development. J Cell Biol 100: 463–476 (1985).
Sasaki Y, Tomada Y, Kamikubo T: Light regulates the gene expression of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase at the levels of transcription and gene dosage in greening pea leaves. FEBS Lett 173: 31–35 (1984).
Steinback KE, McIntosh L, Bogorad L, Arntzen CJ: Identification of the triazine receptor protein as a chloroplast gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 7463–7467 (1981).
Sugita M, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M: Tobacco chloroplast tRNALys (UUU) gene contains a 2.5-kilobasepair intron: An open reading frame and a conserved boundary sequence in the intron. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 3557–3561 (1985).
Thompson WF, Everett M, Polans NO, Jorgensen RA, Palmer JD: Phytochrome control of RNA levels in developing pea and mung-bean leaves. Planta 158: 487–500 (1983).
Tobin EM, Silverthorne J: Light regulation of gene expression in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 36: 569–593 (1985).
Zhu YS, Kung SD, Bogorad L: Phytochrome control of levels of mRNA complementary to plastid and nuclear genes of maize. Plant Physiol 79: 371–376 (1985).
Zinn K, DiMaio D, Maniatis T: Identification of two distinct regulatory regions adjacent to the human beta-interferon gene. Cell 34: 865–879 (1983).
Zurawski G, Bohnert HJ, Whitfeld PR, Bottomley W: Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the Mr 32000 thylakoid membrane protein from Spinacia oleracea and Nicotania debneyi predicts a totally conserved primary translation product of Mr 38950. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 7699–7703 (1982).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hughes, J.E., Neuhaus, H. & Link, G. Transcript levels of two adjacent chloroplast genes during mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling development are under differential temporal and light control. Plant Mol Biol 9, 355–363 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014910
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014910