Abstract
The behavior and the properties of medium-energy protons with kinetic energies in the range 26 - 400 MeV is derived from measurements of the particle yields and spectra in the final state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions (16O-AgBr interactions at 60 A and 200 A GeV and 32S-AgBr interactions at 3.7 A and 200 A GeV) and their interpretation in terms of the higher order moments. The multiplicity distributions have been fitted well with the Gaussian distribution function. The data are also compared with the predictions of the modified FRITIOF model, showing that the FRITIOF model does not reproduce the trend and the magnitude of the data. Measurements of the ratio of the variance to the mean show that the production of target fragments at high energies cannot be considered as a statistically independent process. However, the deviation of each multiplicity distribution from a Poisson law provides evidence for correlations. The KNO scaling behavior of two types of scaling (Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling and Hegyi scaling) functions in terms of the multiplicity distribution is investigated. A simplified universal function has been used in each scaling to display the experimental data. An examination of the relationship between the entropy, the average multiplicity, and the KNO function is performed. Entropy production and subsequent scaling in nucleus-nucleus collisions are carried out by analyzing the experimental data over a wide energy range (Dubna and SPS). Interestingly, the data points corresponding to various energies overlap and fall on a single curve, indicating the presence of a kind of entropy scaling.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
J. Manjavidze and A. N. Sissakyan, Phys. Rep. 346, 1 (2001).
F. H. Liu, X. Y. Yin, J. L. Tian and N. N. A. Allah, Phys. Rev. C 69, 034905–1 (2004).
Z. Koba, H. B. Nielsen and P. Olesen, Nucl. Phys. B 40, 317 (1972).
P. Slattery, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1624 (1972).
W. Thane et al., Nucl. Phys. B 129, 365 (1997).
M. V. Tokarev and I. Zborovsky, Phys. At. Nucl. 70, 1294 (2007).
S. Yu. Shmakov and V. V. Uzhinskii, Com. Phys. Comm. 54, 125 (1989)
Kh. El-Waged and V. V. Uzhinsky, Phys. At. Nucl. 60, 828 (1997).
S. Hegyi, Phys. Lett. B 335, 226 (1994).
A. Abdelsalam et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 23, 1450040 (2014).
R. P. Feynman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1415 (1969); C. Nygaard, Niels Bohr Institute, CERN-Ph.D. thesis-2011-283.
M. El-Nadi et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 06, 191 (1997).
A. Abdelsalam et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 28, 1375 (2002).
M. El-Nadi et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 28, 241 (2002).
C. F. Powell, P. H. Fowler and D. H. Perkins, the Study of the Elementary Particles by the Photographic Method (Pergamon, Oxford, 1959), p. 450 and references therein.
D. Ghosh et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 20, 1171 (2011).
B. Nilsson-Almqvist and E. Stenlund, Computer Phys. Comm. 43, 387 (1987).
X. Wang and C. B. Yang, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 40, 075103 (2013).
T. J. Tarnowsky and G. D. Westfall, arXiv:1210.8102v2 [nucl-ex] (2013).
D. J. Mangeol, arXiv: 0110029 v1 [hep-ex] (2001).
Lawrence T. DeCarlo, Psychol. Meth. 2, 292 (1997).
A. I. Krasil’nikov, Radioelect. Commun. Sys. 56, 312 (2013).
B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 14 (2010).
A. L. S. Angelis et al., Phys. Lett. B 168, 158 (1986).
V. Simak et al., Phys. Lett. B 206, 159 (1988).
A. Shakeel et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 8, 121 (1999)
E. L. Berger, Nucl. Phys. B 85, 61 (1975).
S. Bhattacharyya, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 19, 319 (2010).
C. Beck, Lecture note in physics, Clusters in nuclei V3 (Springer International, Switzerland, 2014), p. 54.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdelsalam, A., Kamel, S. & Hafiz, M.E. Multiplicity and entropy scaling of medium-energy protons emitted in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 67, 1150–1157 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.67.1150
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.67.1150