Abstract
Nanosized zinc oxide was prepared with a vacuum oxidation method by using hot-dip galvanizing slag as the raw material and air as the oxygen source. The oxidation kinetics curves of zinc vapor at different pressures were plotted by thermogravimetry, and the morphology of ZnO was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanosized ZnO products were hexagonal wurtzite crystals with the purity ≥99.98. When parabolic kinetics occurred, the ZnO products were granular, amorphous, tetra-needle-like or single needle-like. In the case of linear kinetics, the products were short tetra-needle-like or needle-like crystals. Zinc oxidation was controlled by the contracting spherical model R3 initially and the three-dimensional diffusion model D4 thereafter, with the apparent activation energies of 101.3–122.1 kJ/mol and 111.2–143.4 kJ/mol respectively.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Mahuya, C., Jana, D., and Sanyal, D, Positron annihilation characterization of nanocrystalline ZnO, Vacuum, 2013, vol. 87, pp. 16–20.
Chen, W.L., Yin, J., Huang, C.S., Wang, X.W., Yun, Z.H., and Bie, L.J, Preparation of formaldehyde gas sensing properties of gold nanoparticle modified ZnO nanorods array, Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. (Chin.), 2010, vol. 26, pp. 586–590.
Liu, C.S., Wang, L., Li, Z.W., Xu, Z., and Huang, J.H, Effect of hydrofluoric acid on morphology and wettability of micro-nano ZnO powders, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met. (in Chin.), 2007, vol. 17, pp. 1690–1694.
Li, B., Liu, S.Q., Liu, L., Cui, Y.M., Guo, X.F., and Zhou, X.F, Fabrication of ZnO nanosheets based carambola-like microspheres and gas sensor properties, Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. (Chin.), 2010, vol. 26, pp. 591–595.
Park, H., Tong, F., Sujan, A., Chung, Y., Park, M., and Tatarchuk, B.J, Growth of nanostructured ZnO on wearable fabrics for functional garment, Mater. Lett., 2014, vol. 118, pp. 47–50.
Abbasi, M.A., Khan, Y., Hussain, S., Nur, O., and Willander, M, Anions effect on the low temperature growth of ZnO nanostructures, Vacuum, 2012, vol. 86, pp. 1998–2001.
Sangari, N.U. and Devi, S.C.J, Synthesis and characterization of nano ZnO rods via microwave assisted chemical precipitation method, J. Solid State Chem., 2013, vol. 197, pp. 483–488.
Zhang, H.D., Long, Y.Z., Li, Z.J., and Sun, B, Fabrication of comb-like ZnO nanostructures for roomtemperature CO gas sensing application, Vacuum, 2014, vol. 101, pp. 113–117.
Amirkhanlou, S., Ketabchi, M., and Parvin, N, Nanocrystalline/ nanoparticle ZnO synthesized by high energy ball milling process, Mater. Lett., 2012, vol. 86, pp. 122–124.
Zhao, C.L., Huang, Y., and Abiade, J.T, Ferromagnetic ZnO nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser deposition in liquid, Mater. Lett., 2012, vol. 85, pp. 164–167.
Nagajyothi, P.C., Minh An, T.N., Sreekanth, T.V.M., Lee, J.I., Lee, D.J., and Lee, K.D, Green route biosynthesis: Characterization and catalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles, Mater. Lett., 2013, vol. 108, pp. 160–163.
Venkatesh, P.S. and Jeganathan, K.J, Investigations on the growth and characterization of vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires by radio frequency magnetronsputtering, Solid State Chem., 2013, vol. 200, pp. 84–89.
Hang, L., Yang, B., Yang, B.Z., Dai, Y.N., Liu, D.C., and Xu, B.Q, Znic recovering from hot galvanized scraps by vacuum distillation, Chin. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. (Chin.), 2009, vol. 29, pp. 101–104.
Zhu, Y.W., Zhang, H.Z., Sun, X.C., Feng, S.Q., Xu, J., Zhao, Q., Xiang, B., Wang, R.M., and Yu, D.P, Efficient field emission from ZnO nanoneedle arrays, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, vol. 83, pp. 144–146.
Zhang, R.L., Shi, A.B., and Jin, Y.X., and Hu, J, Preparation of nanosized zinc oxide by vacuum oxidation and behaviors of impurity elements, Russ. J. Non- Ferrous Met., 2015, vol. 56, pp. 114–118.
Ko, Y.H. and Yu, J.S.J, Structural and antireflective properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized using the sputtered ZnO seed layer for solar cell applications, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2010, vol. 10, pp. 8095–8101.
Leung, Y.H., Djurisic, A.B., Choy, W.C.H., Xie, M.H., Gao, J., Cheah, K.W., Man, K.Y.K., and Chan, W.K, Synthesis and properties of ZnO multipod structures, J. Cryst. Growth, 2005, vol. 274, pp. 430–437.
Park, J., Choi, H., Siebein, K., and Singh, R.K, Twostep evaporation process for formation of aligned zinc oxide nanowires, J. Cryst. Growth, 2003, vol. 258, pp. 342–348.
Hu, J.Q., Li, Q., Wong, N.B., Lee, C.S., and Lee, S.T, Synthesis of uniform hexagonal prismatic ZnO whiskers, Chem. Mater., 2002, vol. 14, pp. 1216–1219.
Hu, R.Z. and Shi, Q.Z., Kinetics of Thermal Analysis (Chin.), Beijing: Science Press, 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, R.L., Ji, L.L., Zhang, Y. et al. Preparation of nanosized zinc oxide by vacuum oxidation and kinetic study of oxidation. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 58, 168–173 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821217020134
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821217020134