Abstract
With continuous changes to energy-saving requirements, the task of train aerodynamic optimization becomes important. Traditional aerodynamic optimization of a high-speed train is carried out assuming the same shape of the head and tail cars, which ignores the combined effect of the two cars on aerodynamic forces. The streamlined structure of the train has different effects on the aerodynamics of the head and tail cars. In-depth study of these effects will help engineers improve their shape design capabilities. Based on the surrogate model method, this paper studies the influence of five shape parameters of the streamlined area on the resistance of the head and tail cars and the lift force of the tail car of CRH380A, and compares the aerodynamic performance of the two optimization schemes. The research results show that the optimization direction for reducing drag of the head car is opposite to that for reducing the drag and lift of the tail car, while the optimization directions for reducing both drag and lift for the tail car alone, are roughly the same. Therefore, the same shaped head and tail cars are problematic for improving aerodynamic performance. After optimization, the head car’s resistance, the tail car’s resistance, and the tail car’s lift of the train with the same shape of head and tail cars are reduced by 1.7%, 0.5%, and 3.5%, respectively. The train with different shapes had values decreased by 5.6%, 1.4%, and 7.5%, respectively. The optimization effect of the latter is more than twice that of the former.
Abstract
目的
研究列车流线型区域各设计变量对头尾车气动性能的影响。提出一种新型的优化方案,使得列车头车阻力、尾车阻力和尾车升力都比传统优化方案小。
创新点
1. 结合代理模型法,研究列车头尾车外形优化方向不一致的原因;2. 提出新的优化方案,使列车气动性能更优异。
方法
1. 构建代理模型,结合帕累托解集的分布,确定对头尾车气动性能影响较大的设计变量;2. 合理安排对照组,从机理的角度研究各设计变量对头尾车气动力的具体影响;3. 提出新的列车外形优化方案,并与传统优化方案做比较。
结论
列车流线型区域的几何特征对头尾车气动性能的影响不同。若未来列车能依据自身运行状态主动调整到最佳外形,则列车气动性能仍有较大提升空间。鼻尖宽度对头车的阻力影响很大,较宽的鼻尖可降低头车的阻力。但是,随着鼻尖宽度增加,尾车的阻力和升力均先减小随后急剧增大。这导致降低头尾车阻力的优化方向不一致。然而,降低尾车阻力和降低尾车升力这两个目标在优化过程中具有较大的一致性。减小驾驶室车窗的曲率,减小流线型区域下部横向控制线的曲率,适当减小鼻尖宽度,都有助于降低尾车的阻力和升力。增加鼻端连接处的垂向高度也可以显著降低尾车的升力。
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2020YFA0710902 and 2018YFB1201603-12), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12172308), the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program of China (No. 2019YJ0227), and the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Traction Power of China (No. 2019TPL_T02).
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Le ZHANG and Zhi-yuan DAI designed the research. Le ZHANG, Zhi-yuan DAI, and Tian LI processed the corresponding data. Le ZHANG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Ji-ye ZHANG revised and edited the final version.
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Le ZHANG, Zhi-yuan DAI, Tian LI, and Ji-ye ZHANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Zhang, L., Dai, Zy., Li, T. et al. Multi-objective aerodynamic shape optimization of a streamlined high-speed train using Kriging model. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 23, 225–242 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100329
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2100329