Abstract
Although many photorealistic relighting methods provide a way to change the illumination of objects in a digital photograph, it is currently difficult to relight digital illustrations having a cartoon shading style. The main difference between photorealistic and cartoon shading styles is that cartoon shading is characterized by soft color quantization and nonlinear color variations that cause noticeable reconstruction errors under a physical reflectance assumption, such as Lambertian reflection. To handle this non-photorealistic shading property, we focus on shading analysis of the most fundamental cartoon shading technique. Based on the color map shading representation, we propose a simple method to determine the input shading as that of a smooth shape with a nonlinear reflectance property. We have conducted simple ground-truth evaluations to compare our results to those obtained by other approaches.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We are also grateful to Tatsuya Yatagawa, Hiromu Ozaki, Tomohiro Tachi, and Takashi Kanai for their valuable discussions and suggestions. Additional thanks go to the AIM@SHAPE Shape Repository, Keenan’s 3D Model Repository for 3D models, and Makoto Nakajima, www.piapro.net for 2D illustrations used in this work. This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency CREST project and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant No. JP15H05924.
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This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Hideki Todo is an assistant professor in the School of Media Science at Tokyo University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in information science and technology from the University of Tokyo in 2013. His research interests lie in the field of computer graphics in general, particularly non-photorealistic rendering.
Yasushi Yamaguchi, Dr. Eng., is a professor in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Tokyo. His research interests lie in image processing, computer graphics, and visual illusion, including visual cryptography, computer aided geometric design, volume visualization, and painterly rendering. He has been serving as a president of Japan Society for Graphic Science and as a vice president of International Society for Geometry and Graphics.
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Todo, H., Yamaguchi, Y. Estimating reflectance and shape of objects from a single cartoon-shaded image. Comp. Visual Media 3, 21–31 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-016-0066-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-016-0066-0