Abstract
Background
There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in exclusively breast-fed infants in the absence of appropriate vitamin D supplementation.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of two doses of maternal vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D levels of mother-infant pairs and to assess its effect on growth parameters (weight, length and head circumference) and bone mass of infants.
Study design
Randomized controlled trial.
Participants
Lactating mother-infant pairs (n=220).
Intervention
Maternal oral vitamin D supplementation in two doses (group 1: 1,20,000 IU/month and group 2: 12,000 IU/month) for 12 months.
Main outcomes
Maternal and infant serum 25OHD levels, and infants’ growth and bone mass.
Results
There was high prevalence of VDD at baseline in mothers (94%) as well as infants (98.5%), which was reduced to 43.1% in (mothers) and 46.5% in infants after 12 months. Significantly higher median (IQR) serum 25OHD levels (ng/mL) were observed among mothers in group 1 compared to group 2 [46 (17–159) vs 18 (6–64); P<0.01] and in infants [36.5 (15–160) vs 17 (7–32); P<0.01]. No significant association was observed between growth parameters or bone mass and serum 25OHD levels of mother or infant between the two groups. Four mothers (3.6%) and two infants (1.8%) in group I had serum 25OHD>100 ng/mL, but without hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia.
Conclusion
Bolus vitamin D supplementation in the dose of 1,20,000 IU/month was more efficacious in improving maternal and infant vitamin D status at 12 months, as compared to 12,000 IU/month.
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Funding
Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (Grant No-GIA/68/2014-DHR).
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Ethics Committee, Dr SN Medical College; No. F.1/Acad/MC/JU/13/16276, dated August 21, 2013.
Contributors
RK, RJ: contributed in conceptualising, planning and design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results and writing of manuscript; RR: involved in data collection, analysis and manuscript writing; SKV,PS,SW: involved in data collection. All authors approved the final version of manuscript, and are accountable for all aspects related to the study.
Competing interests
None stated.
Note
Additional material related to this study is available with the online version at www.indianpediatrics.net
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Ramot, R., Yadav, S., Vishnoi, S.K. et al. Effect of Maternal Supplementation With Two Different Doses of Vitamin D During Lactation on Vitamin D Status, Anthropometry and Bone Mass of Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian Pediatr 59, 276–282 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2489-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2489-2