Abstract
An online optimal control strategy methodology on the basis of historical data for a power-split hybrid electric bus (HEB) is proposed in this study. This approach aims to fully utilize the fuel-saving capability of power-split HEB under real operating cycles and provide an effective way for solving the optimal calibration problem in the application promotion. Firstly, a procedure for synthesizing real-world driving cycles based on cluster analysis and Markov chain method is constructed. Subsequently, dynamic programming (DP) control algorithm is performed to explore the fuel economy potential. Moreover, a DP-based rule control strategy with an automated implementation foundation is introduced to achieve online approximate optimal effect. Finally, offline simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test are conducted. Simulation results validate that the proposed online optimal control strategy methodology has similar fuel-saving performance to DP optimal results and good real-time application conditions.
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Abbreviations
- θ t :
-
feature vector of synthesized cycle
- θ i :
-
feature vector of historical data
- x :
-
state vector
- u :
-
control variable
- L :
-
instantaneous cost
- SOC min :
-
allowable lower limit of SOC range, %
- SOC max :
-
allowable upper limit of SOC range, %
- P bat, min :
-
allowable lower limit of battery power, kW
- P bat, max :
-
allowable upper limit of battery power, kW
- d(p, o):
-
distance between two working points p and o
- dk(p):
-
kth distance far away from operating point p
- Nk(p):
-
kth distance neighborhood for point p
- reach-distk(p, o):
-
kth reachable distance between points o and p
- Lrd :
-
local reachable density
- Nkk(p):
-
inverse kth distance neighborhood for point p
- NNk(p):
-
union of set Nk(p) and set Nkk(p)
- NLOF(p):
-
new density-based local outlier factor for point p
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Acknowledgement
This study was financially supported by key research and development plan of China (2018YFB0105900).
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Zeng, X., Wang, Z., Wang, Y. et al. Online Optimal Control Strategy Methodology for Power-Split Hybrid Electric Bus Based on Historical Data. Int.J Automot. Technol. 21, 1247–1256 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0118-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0118-4