Abstract
Reinforced concrete bridge piers are often subject to spatially non-uniform deterioration which typically produces strength and ductility degradation. When piers are subject to deterioration, the sectional response is no longer uniform and the determination of the pushover curves from sectional response is no longer immediate. This paper proposes a simplified procedure to accomplish this task for RC bridge cantilever piers. The method is simplified only with respect to geometric nonlinearities and yields an accurate estimate of the ultimate displacement, free of numerical issues typical of fiber-based finite elements. The procedure is based on an iterative approach to enforce the element equilibrium under P-Delta effects induced by vertical loads and can consider arbitrary deterioration patterns through the specification of different moment-curvature response along the elevation. After validating the approach with experimental results, a parametric analysis of the influence of sectional strength and ductility degradation is carried out for the case study of a rectangular hollow RC pier. Results show that significant variations of the pier equivalent plastic hinge length can be expected because of the occurrence of deterioration in the lower part of the pier. Moreover, paper provides quantitative measure of the extent of the strength and ductility degradation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Babazadeh A, Burgueno R, Silva P (2016) P-8 effects on the plastic region of RC bridge columns: Closed-form solution. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE 142(11):04016116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001595
Bae S, Bayrak O (2008) Plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns. ACI Structural Journal 105(3):290–300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/19788
Bairan JM, Mari AR (2007) Multiaxial-coupled analysis of RC cross-sections subjected to combined forces. Engineering Structures 29:1722–1738, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.007
Barros H, Silva V, Ferreira C (2010) Second order effects in slender concrete columns - Reformulation of the Eurocode 2 method based on nominal curvature. Engineering Structures 32(12):3989–3993, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.005
Bernardini D, Braga F, Buttarazzi F, Cardone D, Di Re P, Migliorino P, Paolone A, Rossi A, Ruta D (2023) Influence of spatially heterogeneous deterioration patterns on strength and ductility of corroded reinforced concrete bridge piers. XIX ANIDIS Conference, Seismic Engineering in Italy Procedia Structural Integrity 44:649–656, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.01.085
Bernardini D, Carbone G, Di Re P, La Morgia M, Mei A, Paolone A, Ruta D (2022) OpenSeesPy-based web application for pushover curve computation of RC bridge piers subject to arbitrarily non-uniform corrosion patterns. 2022 Eurasian OpenSees Days. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 86–96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30125-4_8
Bernardini D, Ruta D, Di Re P, Paolone A (2021) Modeling non-uniform corrosion in reinforced concrete bridge piers. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 200:372–379, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_43
Billah A, Alam M (2016) Plastic hinge length of shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced concrete bridge pier. Engineering Structures 117:321–331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.050
Bimschas M (2010) Displacement based seismic assessment of existing bridges in regions of moderate seismicity
Burgueno R, Babazadeh A, Fedak LK, Silva PF (2016) Second-order effects on seismic response of slender bridge columns. ACI Structural Journal 113(4):735–746, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51688751
Cassese P, De Risi M, Verderame G (2019) A modelling approach for existing shear-critical RC bridge piers with hollow rectangular cross section under lateral loads. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17:237–270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0429-2
Cassese P, Ricci P, Verderame G (2017) Experimental study on the seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete bridge piers with hollow rectangular section. Engineering Structures 144:88–106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.047
Castaldo P, Gino D, Marano GC, Mancini G (2022) Aleatory uncertainties with global resistance safety factors for non-linear analyses of slender reinforced concrete columns. Engineering Structures 25:113920, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.113920
Ceresa P, Petrini L, Pinho R (2007) Flexure-shear fiber beam-column elements for modeling frame structures under seismic loading - State of the art. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 11:46–88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460701280237
Chen X, Xia X, Zhang X, Gao J (2020) Seismic performance and design of bridge piers with rocking isolation. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 73(4):447–454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.73.4.447
Delgado R, Delgado P, Vila Pouca N, Arêde A, Rocha P, Costa A (2009) Shear effects on hollow section piers under seismic actions: Experimental and numerical analysis. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 7(2): 377–389, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9098-x
Di Re P, Addessi D (2022) Computational enhancement of a mixed 3D beam finite element with warping and damage. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics 8(1):260–281, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2021.37948.3120
Di Re P, Addessi D, Filippou FC (2018) Mixed 3D beam element with damage plasticity for the analysis of RC members under warping torsion. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE 144(6):04018064, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002039
Di Re P, Bernardini D, Ruta D, Paolone A (2022) A simple numerical approach for the pushover analysis of slender cantilever bridge piers taking into account geometric nonlinearity. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 23:455–469, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-022-00433-z
Domaneschi M, De Gaetano A, Casas JR, Cimellaro GP (2020) Deteriorated seismic capacity assessment of reinforced concrete bridge piers in corrosive environment. Structural Concrete 21:1823–1838, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202000106
European Committee for Standardization (2005) Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1, EN 1998-1
Fenwick R, Davidson B, Chung B (1992) P-delta actions in seismic resistant structures. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25(1):56–69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.1.56-69
Gaiotti R, Smith B (1989) P-Delta analysis of building structures. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE 115(4):755–770, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:4(755)
Kashani M, Maddocks J, Dizaj E (2019) Residual capacity of corroded reinforced concrete bridge components: State-of-the-art review. Journal of Bridge Engineering 24(7):1–16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001429
Li D, Wei R, Xing F, Sui L, Zhou Y, Wang W (2018) Influence of Nonuniform corrosion of steel bars on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete columns. Construction and Building Materials 167:20–32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.149
Lignola GP, Fabbrocino F, Prota A, Cosenza E, Manfredi G (2023) Reinforcement corrosion in RC hollow piers: Destructive and nondestructive tests. Materials 16(7):2790, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072790
Mahboubi S, Kioumarsi M (2021) Damage assessment of RC bridges considering joint impact of corrosion and seismic loads: A systematic literature review. Construction and Building Materials 295:123662, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123662
Mander J, Priestley M, Park R (1988) Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE 114(8): 1804–1826, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
Meda A, Mostosi S, Rinaldi Z, Riva P (2014) Experimental evaluation of the corrosion influence on the cyclic behaviour of RC columns. Engineering Structures 76:112–123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.043
OpenSees (2021) The openseespy library, https://openseespydoc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
Park R, Paulay T (1975) Reinforced concrete structures. Wiley-Interscience publication, John Wiley & Sons
Pokhrel M, Bandelt M (2019) Plastic hinge behavior and rotation capacity in reinforced ductile concrete flexural members. Engineering Structures 200(2019):109699, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109699
Pozo JD, Hube MA, Kurama YC (2022) Effective nonlinear simulations of RC columns with force- based elements. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 1–22, DOI: 10.1080/13632469.2021.2001395
Priestley M, Calvi G, Kowalsky M (2007) Displacement based seismic design of structures. Iuss Press
Rinaldi Z, Di Carlo F, Spagnuolo S, Meda A (2022) Influence of localised corrosion on the cyclic response of reinforced concrete columns. Engineering Structures 256:114037, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114037
Rinaldi Z, Valente C, Pardi L (2008) A simplified methodology for the evaluation of the residual life of corroded elements. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 4(2):139–152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470601155540
Saritas A, Filippou FC (2009) Inelastic axial-flexure-shear coupling in a mixed formulation beam finite element. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 44:913–922, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.06.007
Scott M, Fenves G (2006) Plastic hinge integration methods for force-based beam-column elements. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE 132(2):244–252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:2(244)
Acknowledgments
P. Di Re acknowledges the research grant SEED PNR 2021 - 000048 21 SEED DI RE - CUP B89J21032850001 (Sapienza University of Rome).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Di Re, P., Bernardini, D., Ruta, D. et al. Pushover Analyses of Slender Cantilever Bridge Piers with Strength and Ductility Degradation. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 836–848 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0940-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0940-8