Abstract
The role of hydrogen in the catalytic chemical vapour deposition of carbon nanotubes using sputtered nickel thin film as a catalyst is explained in this work. The growth of different carbon nanostructures with the variation in the precursor gas content was studied by keeping all other process parameters constant and using sputtered Ni thin film as a catalyst. The catalyst granule size, its external morphology and the resulting products were analysed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibres (CNFs) and carbon nanoribbons (CNRs) were observed under different growth conditions. The different conditions of growth leading to form tubes, fibres or ribbons were analysed by varying the flow ratio of propane and hydrogen gas during the high temperature growth. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies confirmed the above structures under different growth conditions. The role of hydrogen on the surface passivation behaviour of the Ni catalyst and its correlative effect on the growth of carbon nanostructures is analysed. This direct approach can, in principle, be used to synthesize different types of carbon nanostructures by tailoring the hydrogen concentration.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Baker R T K 1989 Carbon 27 315
Bartholomew C H 1982 Catal. Rev. — Sci. Eng. 24 67
Benito A M, Maniette Y, Munoza E and Martinez M T 1998 Carbon 36 681
Bianchini E C and Lund C R F 1989 J. Catal. 117 445
Bischoff D, Güttinger J, Dröscher S, Ihn T, Ensslin K and Stampfer C 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 073710
Chae S J, Günes F, Kim K K, Kim E S, Han G H, Kim S M, Shin H-J, Yoon S-M, Choi J-Y, Park M H, Yang C W, Pribat D and Lee Y H 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2328
Cherukuri L D, Yuan G and Keane M A 2004 Top Catal. 29 119
Chen C-M, Dai Y-M, Huang J G and Jehng J-M 2006 Carbon 44 1808
Choi S, Park K H, Lee S and Koh K H 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 92 4007
Crossley B L, Kossler M, Coutu R A, Starman L A and Collins P J 2010 J. Nanophoton. 4 049501
Das A, Chakraborty B and Sood A K 2008 Bull. Mater. Sci. 31 579
Dresselhaus M S, Dresselhaus G and Hofmann M 2008 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A366 231
Graf D, Molitor F, Ensslin K, Stampfer C, Jungen A, Hierold C and Wirtz L 2007 Nano Lett. 7 238
Gupta A, Chen G, Joshi P, Tadigadapa S and Eklund P C 2006 Raman Nano Lett. 6 2667
Hong G, Chen Y, Li P and Zhang J 2012 Carbon 50 2067
Huang S, Cai Q, Chen J, Qian Y and Zhang L 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2094
Huang W, Zhang X-B, Tu J, Kong F, Ning Y, Xuab J and Tendeloo G V 2002 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4 5325
Jablonski G A and Sacco J A 1992 Carbon 30 87
Jung M, Eun K Y, Lee J-K, Baik Y-J, Lee K-R and Park J W 2001 Diamond Relat. Mater. 10 1235
Kato T and Hatakeyama R 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 651
Kumar M and Ando Y 2010 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 3739
Makris T D, Giorgi L, Giorgi R, Lisi N and Salernitano E 2005 Diamond Relat. Mater. 14 815
Meyyappan M, Delzeit L, Cassell A and Hash D 2003 Plasma Sour. Sci. Technol. 12 205
Nessim G D, Seita M, Plata De L, O’Brien K P, Hart A J, Meshot E R, Reddy C M, Gschwend P M and Thompson C V 2011 Carbon 49 804
Park C and Keane M A 2001a Catal. Commun. 2 171
Park C and Keane M A 2001b Langmuir 17 8386
Park C and Keane M A 2002 J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 250 37
Park C and Keane M A 2004 J. Catal. 221 386
Pollard A J, Nair R R, Sabki S N, Staddon C R, Perdigao L M A, Hsu C H, Garfitt J M, Gangopadhyay S, Gleeson H F, Geim A K and Beton P H 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C38 16565
Ren W, Li F, Bai S and Cheng H-M 2006 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 1339
Rostrup-Nielsen J R 1974 J. Catal. 33 184
Snoeck J W, Froment G F and Fowles M 1997 J. Catal. 169 240
Tochitski E I and Chaplanov A M 1976 Thin Solid Films 32 213
Umair A and Raza H 2012 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7 437
Wang D, Tian H, Yang Y, Xie D, Ren T-L and Zhang Y 2013 Nat. Sci. Rep. 3 1
Xiong Y G, Suda Y, Wang D Z, Huang Y J and Ren Z F 2005 Nanotechnology 16 532
Xu F, Liu X and Tse S D 2006 Carbon 44 570
Yu D, Zhang Q and Dai L 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 5127
Yu Q, Lian J, Siriponglert S, Li H, Chen Y P and Pei S-S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 113103
Yuan D, Ding L, Chu H, Feng Y, McNicholas T P and Liu J 2008 Nano Lett. 8 2576
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahoo, R.K., Mamgain, H. & Jacob, C. Influence of hydrogen on chemical vapour synthesis of different carbon nanostructures using propane as precursor and nickel as catalyst. Bull Mater Sci 37, 1197–1204 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-014-0062-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-014-0062-x