Abstract
Fe-Co nanoparticles were prepared by mechanical alloying in air with various milling times from 0 h to 10 h and annealing temperatures in the range from 773 K to 973 K. The combined use of both conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques allowed us to obtain accurate data on the phase formation and the oxidation state of the materials. XRD patterns reveal a secondary phase of Fe3O4 that is present in as-milled samples and those annealed in Ar + H2 (5%) at temperatures of up to 600°C. This secondary phase disappeared for annealing temperatures of over 700°C. Meanwhile, analyses of Fe K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra clearly showed that the local structure around Fe of all samples were of a bcc structure and had the oxidation state of +0. Most importantly, the ratio of bcc and hcp structures was also extracted from the Co K-edge XANES and the measured K-weighted EXAFS spectra of the alloyed Fe-Co samples. Moreover, magnetization measurements at room temperature indicated that the saturation magnetization (M s) increased with increasing milling time and annealing temperature. While the former behavior is assigned to the Fe-Co alloy formation, we believe the effects of reducing the oxidation of the annealed samples to be the major cause of the enhanced M s. The dependence of coercivity (H c) on milling time and annealing temperature was also investigated and discussed.
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Acknowledgements
This research is funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant Number 103.02-2012.09. The authors are also thankful to the Institute of Materials Science (IMS) National Key Laboratory for Electronic Materials and Devices.
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Manh, D.H., Tung, D.K., Phong, L.T.H. et al. Complementary Studies of Phase Formation During Fabrication of Fe0.65Co0.35 Nanoparticles by Mechanical Alloying. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 2501–2507 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4392-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4392-x