Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models on Camellia japonica in Jeju Island, Korea using fit statistics and lack-of-fit statistics. The five statistical criteria that were used in this study were standard error of estimate (SEE), mean bias ( \(\bar E\) ), absolute mean difference (AMD), coefficient of determination (R 2), and root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed that the Kozak model 02 stem taper had the best performance in all fit statistics (SEE: 3.4708, \(\bar E\): 0.0040 cm, AMD: 0.9060 cm, R 2: 0.9870, and RMSE: 1.2545). On the other hand, Max and Burkhart stem taper model had the poorest performance in each statistical criterion (SEE: 4.2121, \(\bar E\): 0.2520 cm, AMD: 1.1300 cm, R 2: 0.9805, and RMSE: 1.5317). For the lack-of-fit statistics, the Kozak model 02 also provided the best performance having the best AMD in most of the relative height classes for diameter outside bark prediction and in most of the DBH classes for total volume prediction while Max and Burkhart had the poorest performance. These stem taper equations could help forest managers to better estimate the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumes of the standing trees of Camellia japonica in the forests of Jeju Island, Korea.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Akindele SO, LeMay VM (2006) Development of tree volume equations for common timber species in the tropical rain forest area of Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management 226: 41–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.022
Berhe L, Arnoldsson G (2008) Tree taper models for Cupressus lusitanica plantations in Ethiopia. Southern Forests 70(3): 193–203. DOI: 10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.2.663
Biging GS (1984) Taper equations for second-growth mixed conifers in northern California. Forest Science 30: 1103–1117.
Brooks JR (2001) Interim volume tables for Atlantic white cedar. The Consultant 46(1): 24–28.
Brooks JR, Martin S, Jordan J, et al. (2002) Interim taper and cubic-foot volume equations for young longleaf pine plantations in Southwest Georgia. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp 467–470.
Brooks JR, Jiang L, Ozijelik R (2008) Compatible stem volume and taper equations for Brutian pine, Cedar of Lebanon, and Cilicica fir in Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 147–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.018
Coble DW, Hilpp K (2006) Compatible cubic-foot stem volume and upper-stem diameter equations for semi-intensive plantation grown loblolly pine trees in East Texas. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 30(3): 132–141.
Corral-Rivas JJ, Dieguez-Aranda U, Rivas SC, et al. (2007) A merchantable volume system for major pine species in El Salto, Durango (Mexico). Forest Ecology and Management 238: 118–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.074
Chung YG, Kim DH, Kim CM (2010) Development of stem profile and taper equation for Quercus acuta in Jeju experiment forests. Journal of Korean Forest Society 99(1): 57–61 (In Korean with English abstract).
Figueiredo-Filho A, Borders BE, Hitch KL (1996) Taper equations for Pinus taeda plantations in Southern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 83: 39–46. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1127(96)03706-1
Fonweban JN (1999) An evaluation of numerical integration of taper functions for volume estimation in Eucalyptus saligna stands. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 11(2): 410–419.
Guendehou GHS, Lehtonen A, Moudachirou M, et al. (2012) Stem biomass and volume models of selected tropical tree species in West Africa. Southern Forests 74: 77–88. DOI: 10.2989/20702620.2012.701432
Haywood A (2009) Estimation of height growth patterns and site index curves for Pinus radiata plantations in New South Wales, Australia. Southern Forests 71(1): 11–19. DOI: 10.2989/SF.2009.71.1.2.739
Heidarsson L, Pukkala T (2011) Taper functions for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) in Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 24: 3–11.
Hofstad O (2005) Review of biomass and volume functions for individual trees and shrubs in southeast Africa. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 17(1): 151–162.
Jiang L, Brooks JR, Wang J (2005) Compatible taper and volume equations for yellow-poplar in West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 213: 399–409. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.006
Klos RJ, Wang GG, Dang QL, et al. (2007) Taper equations for five major commercial tree species in Manitoba, Canada. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22(3): 163–170.
Korea Forest Research Institute (2014) Experimental forests of the Korea Forest Research Institute. Seoul, Korea. p 27.
Korea Forest Service (2012) Statistical yearbook of forestry p488.
Korea Meteorological Administration (2014) Available online at: http://www.kma.go.kr/(Accessed on April, 2014)
Kozak A (1988) A variable-exponent taper equation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18: 1363–1368. DOI: 10.1139/x88-213
Kozak A (2004) My last words on taper equations. The Forestry Chronicle 80(4): 507–515. DOI: 10.5558/tfc80507-4
Kozak A, Kozak R (2003) Does cross validation provide additional information in the evaluation of regression models? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 976–987. DOI: 10.1139/x03-022
Kublin E, Helene A, Lappi J (2008) A flexible regression model for diameter prediction. European Journal of Forest Research 127: 415–428. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-008-0225-7
Lee KH, Son YM, Chung YG, et al. (1999) A taper and volume prediction system for Pinus densiflora in Kangwon province, Korea. Korea Forest Institute Journal of Forest Science 62: 155–166.
Lee WK, Seo JH, Son YM, et al. (2003) Modeling stem profiles for Pinus densiflora in Korea. Forest Ecology and Management 172: 69–77. DOI: 10.1016 0378-1127(02)00139-1
Lee TJ, Nam MJ, Lee SK, et al. (2009) The Jeju dataset: Threedimensional interpretation of MT data from mid-mountain area of Jeju Island, Korea. Journal of Applied Geophysics 68: 171–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.11.006
Li R, Weiskittel AR (2010) Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the North American Acadian Region. Annals of Forest Science 67: 302–317. DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009109
Li R, Weiskittel A, Dick AR, et al. (2012) Regional stem taper equations for eleven conifer species in the Acadian Region of North America: development and assessment. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 29(1): 5–14. DOI: 10.5849/njaf.10-037
Lumbres RIC, Lee YJ, Choi HS, et al. (2014) Comparative Analysis of Four Stem Taper Models for Quercus glauca in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea. Journal of Mountain Science 11(2): 442–448. DOI: 10.1007//11629-013-2759-5
Martin AJ (1981) Taper and volume equations for selected Appalachian hardwood species. USDA For Serv Res Pap. NE-490. p 21.
Max TA, Burkhart HE (1976) Segmented polynomial regression applied to taper equations. Forest Science 22(3): 283–289.
Ozcelik R, Brooks JR, Jiang L (2011) Modeling stem profile of Lebanon cedar, Brutian pine, and Cilicica fir in Southern Turkey using nonlinear mixed-effects models. European Journal of Forest Research 130: 613–621. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-010-0453-5
Ramsar Convention (2014) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Available online at: http://www.ramsar.org (Accessed on April, 2014)
Rojo A, Perales X, Sanchez-Rodriguez F, et al. (2005) Stem taper functions for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). European Journal of Forest Research 124: 177–186. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-005-0066-6
Sharma M, Zhang SY (2004) Variable-exponent taper equations for jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir in eastern Canada. Forest Ecology and Management 198: 39–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.035
SAS Institute Inc (2004) SAS/STAT 9.1 User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary. NC, USA.
Son YM, Lee KH, Lee WK, et al. (2002) Stem taper equations for six major tree species in Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 91(2): 213–218.
Son YM, Kim H, Lee HY, et al. (2009) Taper equations and stem volume table of Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia. Journal of Korean Forest Society 98(6): 633–638 (In Korean with English abstract)
Subedi N, Sharma M, Parton J (2011) Effects of sample size and tree selection criteria on the performance of taper equations. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 26: 555–567. DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2011.583677
Yang Y, Huang S, Trincado G, et al. (2009) Nonlinear mixedeffects modeling of variable-exponent taper equations for lodgepole pine in Alberta, Canada. European Journal of Forest Research 128: 415–429. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-009-0286-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-917X
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-1807
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-8373
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-6435
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jung, S.C., Seo, Y.O., Won, H.K. et al. Evaluation of some stem taper models for Camellia japonica in Mount Halla, Korea. J. Mt. Sci. 12, 1395–1402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3363-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3363-z