Abstract
A planetary ball mailing machine was used to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye aqueous solution through the SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBT) catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized by a solid-state reaction route and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The SBT catalyst degraded 65% of MB dye from the dye aqueous solution. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to study the influence of process parameters like the initial concentration of MB dye aqueous solution (ic), amount of catalyst used for the catalysis (c), and speed of the ball mill machine (r). The parametric study suggested that catalyst dosage (c) is the most influencing parameter. The order of influence of the parameter is k(c) > k(ic) ≥ k(r).
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data produced during this study will be made available upon reasonable request.
References
A. Panhwar, A. Sattar Jatoi, S. Ali Mazari, A. Kandhro, U. Rashid, S. Qaisar, Water resources contamination and health hazards by textile industry effluent and glance at treatment techniques: A review. Waste Manag. Bull. 1(4), 158–163 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wmb.2023.09.002
T. Adane, A.T. Adugna, E. Alemayehu, Textile industry effluent treatment techniques. J. Chem. 2021, 1–14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5314404
D. Ghime, P. Ghosh, Advanced oxidation processes: A powerful treatment option for the removal of recalcitrant organic compounds, in Advanced oxidation processes—applications, trends, and prospects. (ntechOpen, 2020). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90192
P. Kumar, R. Vaish, Effect of poling and excess Bi2O3 on piezocatalysis by BaBi4Ti4O15. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 34(36), 2278 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11614-0
P. Kumar, R. Vaish, Enhanced photocatalytic activity in BaBi4Ti4O15 with excess Bi2O3. Surf. Interfaces 40, 103082 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103082
B. Mamatha, M.B. Suresh, A.R. James, M. Vithal, P. Sarah, Synthesis and electrical properties of SrBi4Ti4O15 piezoelectric ceramics. Phys. Scr. 84(5), 055704 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/84/05/055704
P. Kumar, R. Vaish, T.H. Sung et al., Effect of poling on photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and photo-piezo catalysis performance of BaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics. Glob. Chall. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200142
S. Tu, Y. Zhang, A.H. Reshak et al., Ferroelectric polarization promoted bulk charge separation for highly efficient CO2 photoreduction of SrBi4Ti4O15. Nano Energy 56, 840–850 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.016
C.H. Hervoches, A. Snedden, R. Riggs, S.H. Kilcoyne, P. Manuel, P. Lightfoot, Structural behavior of the four-layer aurivillius-phase ferroelectrics SrBi4Ti4O15 and Bi5Ti3FeO15. J. Solid State Chem. 164(2), 280–291 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2001.9473
A. Prasetyo, B. Mihailova, V. Suendo, A.A. Nugroho, Ismunandar, The effect of the A-site cation on the structural transformations in ABi4Ti4O15 (A = Ba, Sr): Raman scattering studies. J. Solid State Chem. 283, 121131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121131
E.M. Benali, A. Benali, M. Bejar et al., Effect of synthesis route on structural, morphological, Raman, dielectric, and electric properties of La0.8Ba0.1Bi0.1FeO3. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31(4), 3197–3214 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-02867-0
A. Prasetyo, B. Mihailova, V. Suendo, A.A. Nugroho, Zulhadjri, Ismunandar, Raman scattering study of the effect of A - and B -site substitution on the room-temperature structure of ABi4Ti4O15. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 196, 012041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/196/1/012041
M. Kumar, I. Kebaili, R. Vaish, J. El Ghoul, M.U. Khandaker, Ball mill-induced piezocatalysis assessment for dye degradation using BiVO4. Mater. Today Commun. 37, 107306 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107306
S. Dubey, A. Gaur, N. Alfryyan, Z.A. Alrowaili, M.S. Al-Buriahi, R. Vaish, Ball milling–based piezocatalysis using .5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–.5(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 ceramics. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 20(6), 3725–3734 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.14469
M. Kumar, R. Vaish, I. Kebaili et al., Ball-milling synthesized Bi2VO5.5 for piezo-photocatalytic assessment. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 8188 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33658-2
A. Gaur, V.S. Chauhan, R. Vaish, Planetary ball milling induced piezocatalysis for dye degradation using BaTiO3 ceramics. Environ. Sci. Adv. 2(3), 462–472 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00210H
Y. Tang, X. Chen, M. Zhu et al., The strong alternating built-in electric field sourced by ball milling on Pb2BO3X (X Cl, Br, I) piezoelectric materials contributes to high catalytic activity. Nano Energy 101, 107545 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107545
X. Liao, H. Xie, B. Liao, S. Hou, Y. Yu, X. Fan, Ball milling induced strong polarization electric fields in Cu3B2O6 crystals for high efficiency piezocatalysis. Nano Energy 94, 106890 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106890
M. Kumar, I. Kebaili, R. Vaish, J. El Ghoul, M.U. Khandaker, Ball mill-induced piezocatalysis assessment for dye degradation using BiVO4. Mater. Today Commun. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107306
P. Kumar, R. Vaish, Dye degradation in planetary ball mill using BaBi4Ti4O15. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 35(13), 909 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12674-6
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The ball-milling catalysis experiments were performed by Pushpendra Kumar. Pushpendra Kumar wrote the manuscript as well. Rahul Vaish was the one who conceptualized the research. Rahul Vaish examined the manuscript as well.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors whose names are listed in the authors list certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. This manuscript has not been submitted and published in any journal.
Permission of figures/table
None of the previously published figures and tables were used in the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, P., Vaish, R. Ball mill-induced dye degradation using SrBi4Ti4O15 catalyst. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 1547 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13325-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13325-6