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Probing the effect of molar concentration on TiO2 nanorod/nanoflower films toward enhanced field electron emission properties

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Abstract

In this work, we report on the synthesis of rutile-TiO2 nanostructures for field electron emission studies using a simple one-step hydrothermal method at various TiCl4 molar concentrations. The formation of the pure and tetragonal rutile phase of TiO2 films has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows TiO2 has nanorods and nanoflower-like morphology with sharp petals. UV–Visible spectroscopy study exhibited broad absorption in the visible range with a band gap energy ranging from 2.32 to 3.01 eV over the entire range of TiCl4 molar concentration varied. A possible crystal growth mechanism and electron emission properties of TiO2 films are also discussed. At 0.6 M molar concentration of TiCl4, rutile-TiO2 film exhibited excellent field emission properties, including a low turn-on field of 1.11 V/µm for 10 µA/cm2, a maximum current density of 331.91 µA/cm2 at the applied bias of 3.44 V/μm, and superior current stability for three hours at a preset current of 1.08 µA. The results revealed that the rutile-TiO2 nanostructures can be used for various practical applications such as optoelectronics, biomedical devices, and supercapacitors.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Abdullah M Al-Enizi and Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh thanks the Researchers Supporting Project Number RSP 2024R55, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the financial support. Yogesh Hase, Subhas Pandharkar, and Ashish Waghmare thanks the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India New Delhi, for the National Renewable Energy (NRE) fellowship and financial assistance. Sandesh Jadkar thanks the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research-CEFIPRA, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, for special financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Energy Studies, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India

    Priti Vairale, Yogesh Hase, Ashish Waghmare, Haribhau Borate & Subhash Pandharkar

  2. Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India

    Amol Deore, Mahendra More & Sandesh Jadkar

  3. Department of Electronic Science, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune, 411 001, India

    Vijaya Jadkar

  4. Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Al-Enizi & Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh

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  1. Priti Vairale
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Priti Vairale: Methodology, Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation. Amol Deore: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation. Ashish Waghmare: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation. Haribhau Borate: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation. Subhash Pandharkar: Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation. Yogesh Hase: Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing-Review. Vijaya Jadkar: Methodology, Validation, Investigation. Mahindra More: Methodology, Conceptualization, Validation, Investigation. Abdullah M Al-Enizi: Formal analysis, Investigation. Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh: Formal analysis, Investigation. Sandesh Jadkar: Visualization, Writing-Review, Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

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Vairale, P., Deore, A., Hase, Y. et al. Probing the effect of molar concentration on TiO2 nanorod/nanoflower films toward enhanced field electron emission properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 1240 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12992-9

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