Abstract
Auxins are one of the main regulators of in vitro plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms, by which auxins, such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), affect in vitro root and leaf anatomy and photosystem function, remain unclear. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of different NAA concentrations on the anatomy and photosynthetic performance of in vitro-propagated Aechmea blanchetiana and to determine whether such a treatment affects micropropagated plants after acclimatization. In vitro-established A. blanchetiana plants were transferred to culture media that contained 0, 2, 4, or 6 μM NAA, and after 50 d, they were transplanted into plastic seedling trays with a commercial substrate and cultivated for 60 d in a greenhouse. The plants were evaluated after a 50-d in vitro NAA exposure (growth traits, chlorophyll α fluorescence, and root and leaf anatomy) and after 60 d of acclimatization in the greenhouse (root and leaf growth). Changes induced by NAA in root anatomy might improve uptake of minerals and sugars from the medium, thereby increasing the in vitro growth. In the leaves, the lowest chlorenchyma thickness and sclerenchyma area were observed in plants grown without NAA, and NAA exposure also improved photosystem II activity. The highest ex vitro growth rate was observed for plants that were propagated with 4 μM NAA. Therefore, the use of NAA during in vitro propagation can improve the anatomical and physiological quality of A. blanchetiana plants, as well as to improve ex vitro transfer.
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Abbreviations
- ABS/RC:
-
absorption flux per RC
- ETo/RC:
-
electron transport flux (further than QA-) per RC
- DIo/RC:
-
dissipated energy flux per RC (at t = 0)
- F0 :
-
initial fluorescence
- FM :
-
maximal fluorescence
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA:
-
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PI(total):
-
overall performance index, which measures the performance up until the final electron acceptors of PS I
- PQ:
-
plastoquinone
- PS:
-
photosystem
- QA :
-
primary quinone electron acceptor of PS II
- QB :
-
secondary quinone electron acceptor
- RC:
-
reaction center
- TRo/RC:
-
trapping flux (leading to QA reduction) per RC
- δRo:
-
efficiency/probability with which an electron from the intersystem electron carriers moves to reduce end electron acceptors at the PS I acceptor side (RE)
- φDo:
-
quantum yield of energy dissipation (at t = 0)
- φEo:
-
quantum yield of electron transport (at t = 0)
- φPo:
-
maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (at t = 0)
- φRo:
-
quantum yield of reduction of end electron acceptors at the PS I acceptor side (RE)
- ρRo:
-
efficiency with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain from QA- to the PS I end electron acceptors
- ΨEo:
-
probability (at t = 0) that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA-
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Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the scholarship awarded by the CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and the FAPES (Espírito Santo State Research Foundation). The authors are also grateful to André Felipe Costa Souza for his technical assistance.
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Martins, J.P.R., Rodrigues, L.C.A., Santos, E.R. et al. Anatomy and photosystem II activity of in vitro grown Aechmea blanchetiana as affected by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Biol Plant 62, 211–221 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-018-0781-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-018-0781-8