Abstract
Amino-acid-based surfactants are a group of compounds that resemble natural amphiphiles and thus are expected to have a low impact on the environment, owing to either the mode of surfactant production or its means of disposal. Within this context, arginine-based tensioactives have gained particular interest, since their cationic nature—in combination with their amphiphilic character—enables them to act as broad-spectrum biocides. This capability is based mainly on their interactive affinity for the microbial envelope that alters the latter’s structure and ultimately its function. In the work reported here, we investigated the efficiency of Nα-benzoyl arginine decyl- and dodecylamide against Candida spp. to further our understanding of the antifungal mechanism involved. For the assays, both a Candida albicans and a Candida tropicalis clinical isolates along with a C. albicans–collection strain were used as references. As expected, both arginine-based compounds proved to be effective against the strains tested through inhibiting both the planktonic and the sessile growth. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy techniques and lipid monolayer experiments enabled us to gain insight into the effect of the surfactant on the cellular envelope. The results demonstrated that all the yeasts treated exhibited changes in their exomorphologic structure, with respect to alterations in both roughness and stiffness, relative to the nontreated ones. This finding—in addition to the amphiphiles’ proven ability to insert themselves within this model fungal membrane—could explain the changes in the yeast-membrane permeability that could be linked to viability loss and mixed-vesicle release.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding authors, S.R.M. or M.E.F.
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Acknowledgements
M.E.F. and P.D.G. share co–first-authorship, since they have worked together on this manuscript and contributed equally. This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT, FONCyT PICT 2017-815, PICT 2018-1651, PICT 2019-0207, and PICT 2020-SERIE A-3223) and the Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Project X-828, Project A-344), Argentina. The funding sources were not involved in any of the following: the study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the article for publication. P.D.G. is an ANPCyT fellow; M.E.F., G.L.G., R.F.V., M.C.N.S., and S.R.M. are members of the CONICET Research Career; E.P. is a member of the CONICET Support Professional Career Program. The valuable advice and contribution of Dr. Sabina Maté (INIBIOLP, CCT-La Plata, CONICET, UNLP) in the monolayer experiments is also acknowledged. Dr. Donald F. Haggerty, a retired academic career investigator and native English speaker, edited the final version of the manuscript.
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M.E.F. and P.G. performed all the general experimental work in the same extent. M.E.F. and E.P. were commited to the AFM determinations. G.L.G. assesed in the design of the assays related to planktonic antifungal activity of both arginine-based compounds. R.F.V. diagrammed and carried out the monolayer experiments and contributed to their discussion. Experimental design of all the work, discussion of results and writing of the manuscript text was accomplished by M.C.N.S., M.E.F., and S.R.M. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript. Conceptualization, funding adcquisition, project administration and general supervision were carried out by M.E.F. and S.R.M.
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Fait, M.E., Grillo, P.D., Garrote, G.L. et al. Biocidal and antibiofilm activities of arginine-based surfactants against Candida isolates. Amino Acids 55, 1083–1102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-023-03296-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-023-03296-z