Abstract
A new methodology to measure thermal distortion in large machine tools is proposed in this paper. The advantage of this method is that a single tracking interferometer can be used to measure thermal distortion of machines with large work volumes while maintaining low enough measurement cadence and uncertainty. A multilateration scheme is conducted using a single laser tracking device positioned on top of the machine table which is automated, and for each target point, all laser stations are reached prior to moving to the next target point; then, the whole measurement cycle is repeated during the test. For measuring angular thermal distortion, precision electronic levels are located in machine ram and column top; also, temperatures are registered in key points of the machine. Experimental measurements on a large column-type milling machine are done, and the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Slocum A (1992) Precision Machine Design, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
Arnone M (1998) High performance machining, Cincinnati, USA
Dornfeld D, Lee D (2008) Machine design for precision manufacturing. Springer verlag, USA
Bryan J (1990) International status of thermal error research. CIRP Ann 39(2):645–656
Junyong XBWYH, Tielin S (2009) Experimental research on factors influencing thermal dynamics characteristics of feed system. Precis Eng 34(2):357–368
Hocken R (1980) Report of working group 1 of the machine tool task force: machine tool accuracy, Lawrence Livermore Laboratories. University of California, UCRL-52960-S, Livermore, CA
ISO 230–3 (2007) Test code for machine tools—determination of thermal effects, International Standardization Organization
Ruijl T, van der Sanden J (2012) Thermal effects in mechatronic systems. A system level approach to thermal design and modeling, de ASPE Tutorial, San Diego, CA
Donaldson R, Thompson D (1986) Design and performance of a small precision CNC turning machine. CIRP Ann 35(1):373–376
Sartori S, Zhang G (1995) Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines. CIRP Ann 44(2):599–609
Sata T, Takeuchi Y and Okubo N (1975) Control of the thermal deformation of a machine tool, 16th MTDR Conference
Hatamura Y, Nagao T, Mitsuishi M, Kato K, Taguchi S, Okumura T, Nakagawa G (1993) Development of an intelligent machining center incorporating active compensation for thermal distortion. CIRP Ann 42(1):549–552
Fraser S, Attia M, Osman M (1999) Modelling, identification and control of thermal deformation of machine tool structure. Part 5: experimental verification. J Manuf Sci Eng 3(121):517–523
Spur G, Hoffmann E, Paluncic Z, Benzinger K, Nymoen H (1988) Thermal behavior optimization of machine tools. CIRP Ann 37(1):401–405
Mayr J, Jedrzejewski J, Uhlmann E, Donmez A, Knapp W, Härtig F, Wendt K, Moriwaki T, Shore P, Schmitt R, Brecher CWT, Wegener K (2012) Thermal issues in machine tools. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 61(2):771–791
Qianjian G, Jianguo Y (2011) Application of projection pursuit regression to thermal error modeling of a CNC machine tool. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 55(5–8):623–629
Yingchun L et al (2014) Thermal optimization of an ultra-precision machine tool by the thermal displacement decomposition and counteraction method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6304-7
Mian N, Fletcher S, Longstaff A, Myers A (2013) Efficient estimation by FEA of machine tool distortion due to environmental temperature perturbations. Precis Eng 37(2):372–379
Lopez de Lacalle L and Lamikiz A (2008) Machine tools for high performance machining, Springer
Suh J, Lee D (2004) Thermal characteristics of composite sandwich structures for machine tool moving body applications. Compos Struct 66(1–4):429–438
Li Y, Zhao W, Wenwu W, Bingheng L, Chen Y (2014) Thermal error modeling of the spindle based on multiple variables for the precision machine tool. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 72(9–12):1415–1427
Wang Z, Maropolous PG (2013) Real-time error compensation of a three-axis machine tool using a laser tracker. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 69(1–4):919–933
Balsamo A, Marques D, Sartori S (1990) A method for thermal deformation corrections of CMMs. CIRP Ann 39(1):557–560
Lo C, Yuan J, Ni J (1995) An application of real-time error compensation on a turning center. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 35(12):1669–1682
Zhu J (2008) Robust thermal error modeling and compensation for CNC machine tools, The University Of Michigan
Yan J, Yang J (2009) Application of synthetic grey correlation theory on thermal point optimization for machine tool thermal error compensation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 43(11–12):1124–1132
Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang G (1997) A study of pre-compensation for thermal errors of NC machine tools. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 37(12):1715–1719
Lim E, Meng C (1997) Error compensation for sculptured surface productions by the application of control-surface using predicted machining errors. J Manuf Sci Eng 119(3):402–419
Gomez-acedo E, Olarra A, Orive J, López de Lacalle LN (2013) Methodology for the design of a thermal distortion compensation for large machine tools based in state-space representation with Kalman filter. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 75:100–108
Yang S, Kim KK, Park Y (2004) Measurement of spindle thermal errors in machine tool using hemispherical ball bar test. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 44(2–3):333–340
Zhang G, Fu J (2000) A method for optical CMM calibration using a grid plate. CIRP Ann 49(1):399–402
De Aquino Silva J, Burdekin M (2002) A modular space frame for assessing the performance of co-ordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Precis Eng 26(1):37–48
Vyroubal J (2012) Compensation of machine tool thermal deformation in spindle axis direction based on decomposition method. Precis Eng 36(1):121–127
Chen J (1996) Fast calibration and modeling of thermally-induced machine tool errors in real machining. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 37(2):159–169
Hughes E (2000) Design of a high-accuracy CMM based on multi-lateration techniques. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 49(1):391–394
Yilei L, Dong G, Yong L (2014) Volumetric calibration in multi-space in large-volume machine based on measurement uncertainty analysis. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6367-5
Estler W (2002) Large scale metrology—an update. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 51(2):587–609
Srinivasa N, Ziegert J, Mize C (1994) Spindle thermal drift measurement using the laser ball bar. Precis Eng 16(4):259–267
Schwenke FMHJKHH (2005) Error mapping of CMMs and machine tools by a single tracking interferometer. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 54(1):475–478
Zhang Z, Hong H (2013) A general strategy for geometric error identification of multi-axis machine tools based on point measurement. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 69(5–8):1483–1497
Schwenke H, Knapp W, Haitjema H (2008) Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines—an update. CIRP Ann 57(2):660–675
K. Wendt, M. Franke and F. Härtig, Measuring large 3D structures using four portable tracking laser interferometers, Measurement, vol. 45, n° 10, pp. 2339–2345, 2012
N. Draper and H. Smith, Applied Regression Analysis, Wiley, 1981
deVicente J and Sánchez A (2013) Mesurandos n-dimensionales, ajustes por Mínimos Cuadrados y propagación de incertidumbres, de 5° congreso español de metrología
Tarantola A (2005) Inverse Problem Theory, SIAM
ISO 841: (2001) Industrial automation systems and integration—numerical control of machines—coordinate system and motion nomenclature, International Standardization Organization
ISO 230–1: (2012) Test code for machine tools—part 1: geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions, International Standardization Organization
Gomez-Acedo E, Olarra A, López de Lacalle LN (2012) A method for thermal characterization and modeling of large gantry-type machine tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 62(9–12):875–886
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gomez-Acedo, E., Olarra, A., Zubieta, M. et al. Method for measuring thermal distortion in large machine tools by means of laser multilateration. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80, 523–534 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7000-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7000-y