Abstract
This paper discusses the formalization of Alternative Shaper, a Spatial Grammar supplemented with procedural knowledge for supporting design generation. The nondeterministic process style perspective supports an exploratory and flexible specification of designs and the use of predicates relating shapes allow the confirmation of shape spatial restrictions on design processes. Although simple at this stage, Alternative Shaper actually offers interesting potentialities on design generation that may be improved soon with convenient abstractions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Reference
Agarwal, M., Cagan, J.: A blend of different tastes: the language of coffeemakers. Environ Plann B 25, 205–226 (1998)
Almeida A, Taborda B, Santos F, Kwiecinski K, Eloy S (2016) A genetic algorithm application for automatic layout design of modular residential homes. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics, SMC2016
Beirão J, Mendes G, Duarte J, Stouffs R (2010) Implementing a Generative Urban Design Model. Grammar-based patterns for urban design. In: Proceedings of 28th conference on eCAADe, vol 28, pp 265–274
Chase, S.C.: Shape grammar implementations: the last 36 years (Shape grammar implementation: from theory to useable software). Presentation in Design Computing and Cognition workshop, Stuttgart (2010)
Chau HH (2004) Evaluation of a 3D shape grammar implementation. In: Gero JS (ed) Design Computation and Cognition ’04, pp 357–376
Duarte, J.P., Rocha, J.M., Soares, G.D.: Unveiling the structure of the Marrakech Medina: a shape grammar and an interpreter for generating urban form. Artif Intell Eng Design Anal Manuf 21, 317–349 (2007)
Duarte, J.P.: A discursive grammar for customizing mass housing: the case of Siza’s houses at Malagueira. Autom Constr 14(2), 265–275 (2005)
Eloy, S., Duarte, J.P.: A transformation grammar-based methodology for housing rehabilitation. In: Gero, J.S. (ed.) Design computing and cognition, DCC’12. Springer (2012)
Enderton, H.B.: A mathematical introduction to logic. Academic Press, New York (1972)
Flemming, U.: More than the sum of its parts: the grammar of Queen Anne houses. Environ Plan B 14, 323–350 (1987)
Gips J (1999) Computer implementation of shape grammars. In: Workshop on shape computation (pp. 1–11). Retrieved from http://www.shapegrammar.org/implement.pdf
Grobler F, Aksamija A, Kim H, Krishnamurti R, Hickerson C (2008) Ontologies and shape grammars: comunication between knowledge-based and generative systems. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., pp 23–80
Grasl T, Economou A (2011) GRAPE: using graph grammars to implement shape grammars. In: Proceedings of the 2011 symposium on simulation for architecture and urban design, pp 21–28
Grasl, T., Economou, A.: From topologies to shapes: parametric shape grammars implemented by graphs. Environ Plan B Plan Des 40, 905–922 (2013)
Heisserman, J.: Generative geometric design. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 14, 37–45 (1994)
Jowers I (2006) Computation with curved shapes:Towards freeform shape generation in design. Ph.D. thesis, The Open University
Knight, T.W.: Transformations of De Stijl art: the paintings of Georges Vantongerloo and Fritz Glarner. Environ Plan B 16, 51–98 (1989)
Knight, T.W.: Color Grammars: the representation of form and color in design. Leonardo 26, 117–124 (1993)
Knight, T.: Computing with emergence. Environ Plan B Plan Des 30, 125–155 (2003)
Koning, G., Eisenberg, J.: The language of the prairie: Frank Lloyd Wright’s prairie houses. Environ Plan B 8, 295–323 (1981)
Krishnamurti, R.: The arithmetic of shapes. Environ Plan B 7, 463–484 (1980)
Krishnamurti, R.: The construction of shapes. Environ Plan B 8, 5–40 (1981)
Krishnamurti, R.: The maximal representation of a shape. Environ Plan B 19, 267–288 (1992)
Krishnamurti R, Stouffs R (1993) Spatial grammars?: motivation, comparison, and new results. In: CAAD futures ’93, pp 57–74
Krishnamurti, R., Earl, C.F.: Shape recognition in three dimensions. Environ Plan B Plan Des 19, 585–603 (1992)
Krishnamurti, R., Stouffs, R.: Spatial change: continuity, reversibility, and emergent shapes. Environ Plann B 24, 359–384 (1997)
Kwiecinski K, Santos F, Almeida A, Taborda B, Eloy S (2016) Wood mass-customized housing: a dual computer implementation design strategy. In: Proceedings of conference eCAADe2016
Kui, Y., Krishnamurti, R.: A Paradigm for interpreting tractable shape grammars. Environ Plan B Plan Des 41(1), 110–137 (2012)
Li AI, Chen L, Wang Y, Chau HH (2009) Editing shapes in a prototype two- and three-dimensional shape grammar environment, computation: the new realm of architectural design. In: Proceedings of the 27th conference on eCAADe, pp 243–250
Li AI (2002) A prototype interactive simulated shape grammar. Design e-ducation: connecting the Real and the Virtual. In: Proceedings of the 20th conference on eCAADe, pp 314–317
Liew H (2004) SGML: a meta-language for shape grammars, Ph.D. thesis, MIT
McGill M, Knight T (2004) Designing design-mediating software—the development of Shaper2D. In: Proceedings of the 22th conference on eCAADe, pp 119–127
McKay, A., Chase, S., Shea, K., Chau, H.H.: Spatial grammar implementation: from theory to useable software. Artif Intell Eng Des Anal Manuf 26(2), 143–159 (2012)
McCormack, J.P., Cagan, J.: Speaking the Buick language: capturing, understanding and exploring brand identity with shape grammars. Des Stud 25(1), 1–29 (2004)
Mitchell W (1993) A computational view of design creativity. Modelling creativity and knowledge-based design. In: Gero J, Maher M (eds) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp 25–42
Paio A, Reis J, Santos F, Lopes P, Eloy S, Rato V (2011) Emerg.cities4all: towards a shape grammar bases computational system tool for generating a sustainable and integrated urban design. In: Proceedings of the Conference on eCAADe2011 respecting Fragile Places, eCAADe (education and research in computer aided architectural design in Europe), pp 133–139
Santos F, Reis J, Lopes P, Paio A, Eloy S, Rato V (2012) A multi-agent expert system shell for shape grammars. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference of the association for computer-aided architectural design research in Asia, CAADRIA 2012, pp 409–414
Ruiz-Montiel, M., Belmonte, M., Boned, J., Mandow, L., Millán, E., Badillo, A., Pérez-de-la-Cruz, J.: Layered shape grammars. Computer-Aided Des 56, 104–119 (2014)
Santos, F., Reis, J.: A language for automatic design generation. Proceedings of international conference on information systems and design of communication, ISDOC 2013, 64–68 (2013)
Santos F, Esmerado J (2015) A Different shape grammar approach for automatic design generation. In: Al-Diri B (ed) Proceedings of international journal of advances in computer science & its applications—IJCSIA, vol 5-1,IRED, pp 90–97
Stiny, G., Gips, J.: Shape Grammars and the generative specification of painting and sculpture. In: Freiman, C.V. (ed) Information processing, vol. 71, pp. 1460–1465. North- Holland, Amsterdam (1972)
Stiny, G.: Ice-ray: a note on Chinese lattice designs. Environ Plan B 4, 89–98 (1977)
Stiny, G.: Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environ Plan B 7(3), 343–351 (1980a)
Stiny, G.: Kindergarten grammars: designing with Froebel’s building gifts. Environ Plan B 7, 409–462 (1980b)
Stiny, G.: Spatial relations and grammars. Environ Plan B 9, 113–114 (1982)
Stiny, G.: What is a design? Environ Plan B 17, 97–103 (1990)
Stiny, G.: Weights. Environ Plan B 19, 413–430 (1992)
Stiny, G.: Shape rules: closure, continuity and emergence. Environ Plan B 21, S49–S78 (1994)
Stiny G (2001) How to calculate with shapes. In: Formal engineering design synthesis. Cambridge University Press, New York
Stiny, G., Mitchell, W.J.: The palladian grammar. Environ Plan B 5, 5–18 (1978)
Stiny, G., Mitchell, W.J.: The grammar of paradise: on the generation of Mughul gardens. Environ Plan B 7, 209–226 (1980)
Stouffs R (2016) Description grammars?: A general notation. Environ Plan B Plan Des. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516667300
Tapia, M.: A visual implementation of a shape grammar system. Environ Plan B 26, 59–73 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Gerwin Klein
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Santos, F., Kwiecinski, K., de Almeida, A. et al. Alternative shaper: a model for automatic design generation. Form Asp Comp 30, 333–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-018-0452-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-018-0452-8