Skip to main content

Theater of the Oppressed for Social Justice Teacher Education

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
2nd International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE))

  • 191 Accesses

Abstract

Teacher education programs frequently have explicit courses and structures designed to prepare teachers for increasingly diverse social contexts. This chapter explores the value and inherent challenges experienced in employing pedagogies based on Boal’s (Theater of the oppressed. (trans: McBride, C., & McBride, M.). New York: Urizen, 1979, Games for actors and non-actors. New York: Routledge, 2003) Theater of the Oppressed (TO) with pre-service teachers. It begins with a review of social justice teacher education within the self-study literature as well as the unique value of arts-based approaches within self-study teacher education practices to promote social justice. We then offer examples of how we, as teacher educators, engaged in self-studies in the context of an arts-based student teacher seminar employing TO practices and how TO contributed to both the authors’ and students’ insights related to diversity, power dynamics, and cultural frames of reference. The challenges faced in using TO in teacher education are then examined for the lessons they offer teacher educators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Apple, M. (2000). Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays (trans: Emerson, C., & Holquist, M.). Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhukhanwala, F. (2007). Pre-service teachers’ perspectives on pedagogy and theater of the oppressed: Outcomes and potential (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Athens: University of Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhukhanwala, F. (2012). Learning from using theater of the oppressed in a student teaching seminar: A self-study. In S. Pinnegar (Ed.), Extending inquiry communities: Illuminating teacher education through self-study. Proceedings of the ninth international conference on self-study of teacher education practices (pp. 52–55). [Herstmonceux Castle, UK]). Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhukhanwala, F., & Allexsaht-Snider, M. (2012). Diverse student teachers making sense of difference through engaging in Boalian theater approaches. Teaching and Teacher Education: Theory and Practice, 18(6), 675–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhukhanwala, F., Dean, K., & Troyer, M. (2016). Beyond the student teaching seminar: Examining transformative learning through arts-based approaches. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 23(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2016.1219712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, J. (2000). Theater of the oppressed and health education with farm workers: A primary research project. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tallahassee: Florida State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloomfield, D. (2010). Emotions and ‘getting by’: A pre-service teacher navigating professional experience. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 38(3), 221–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boal, A. (1979). Theater of the oppressed. (trans: McBride, C., & McBride, M.). New York: Urizen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boal, A. (2003). Games for actors and non-actors. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boal, A. (2006). The aesthetics of the oppressed. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britzman, D. (2003). Practice makes practice: A critical study of learning to teach. Albany: SUNY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Britzman, D. P. (2007). Teacher education as uneven development: Toward a psychology of uncertainty. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 10(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E. (2004). The significance of race and social class for self-study and the professional knowledge base of teacher education. In J. Loughran, M. Hamilton, V. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (Vol. 1, pp. 517–574). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Burgoyne, S., Welch, S., Cockrell, K., Neville, H., Placier, P., Davidson, M., & Fisher, B. (2005). Researching theater of the oppressed: A scholarship of teaching and learning project. Mountain Rise, 2(1). Retrieved from http://www.wcu.edu/facctr/mountainrise/archive/vol2no1/html/researching_theatre.html.

  • Burgoyne, S., Placier, P., Thomas, M., Welch, S., Ruffin, C., Flores, L. Y., & Miller, M. (2007). Improvisational theatre and self-efficacy. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 111, 21–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butterwick, S., & Lawrence, R. L. (2009). Creating alternative realities: Arts-based approaches to transformative learning. In J. Mezirow & E. Taylor (Eds.), Transformative learning in practice: Insights from community, workplace, and higher education (pp. 35–45). Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahnmann-Taylor, M., & Souto-Manning, M. (2010). Teachers act up: Creating multicultural learning communities through theater. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. M. (2001). Good conversation. In C. M. Clark (Ed.), Talking shop: Authentic conversation and teacher learning (pp. 172–182). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. L. (2004). Practitioner inquiry, knowledge, and university culture. In J. J. Loughran, M. L. Hamilton, V. K. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (Vol. 1, pp. 817–869). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockrell, K., Placier, P., Burgoyne, S., Welch, S., & Cockrell, D. (2002). Theater of the oppressed as a self-study process: Understanding ourselves as actors in teacher education classrooms. In C. Kosnik, A. Freese, & A. Samaras (Eds.), Making a difference in teacher education through self-study. Proceedings for the fourth international conference on the self-study of teacher education practices (pp. 43–47). Toronto: OISE, University of Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, A., & Knowles, G. (2008). Arts-informed research. In G. J. Knowles & A. L. Cole (Eds.), Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples and issues (pp. 55–70). Los Angeles: Sages Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cranton, P., & Taylor, E. (2012). Transformative learning theory: Seeking a more unified theory. In E. Taylor & P. Cranton (Eds.), The handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 3–20). San Francisco: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, K., & Bhukhanwala, F. (2014). Moving through the triangle: Self-study of the impact of engaging in theater of the oppressed with student teachers on the practice of teacher educator. In D. Garbett & A. Ovens (Eds.), Changing practices for changing times: Past, present and future possibilities for self-study research. Proceedings of the tenth international conference on self-study of teacher education practices (pp. 53–63). Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirkx, J. (2001). The power of feelings: Emotion, imagination, and the construction of meaning in adult learning. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 89, 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisner, E. (2008). Persistent tensions in arts-based research. In M. Cahnmann-Taylor & R. Siegesmund (Eds.), Arts-based research in education: Foundations for practice (pp. 16–27). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estola, E., & Elbaz-Luwisch, F. (2003). Teaching bodies at work. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 35(6), 697–719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forgasz, R. (2014). Bringing the physical into self-study research. In A. Ovens & T. Fletcher (Eds.), Self-study in physical education teacher education: Exploring the interplay of practice and scholarship (pp. 15–28). London: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Forgasz, R., & Berry, A. (2012). Exploring the potential of Boal’s “the rainbow of desire” as an enacted reflective practice: An emerging self-study. In S. Pinnegar (Ed.), Extending inquiry communities: Illuminating teacher education through self-study. Proceedings of the ninth international conference on self-study of teacher education practices (pp. 106–109). Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forgasz, R., & McDonough, S. (2017). “Struck by the way our bodies conveyed so much:” A collaborative self-study of our developing understanding of embodied pedagogies. Studying Teacher Education, 13(1), 52–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forgasz, R., McDonough, S., & Berry, A. (2014). Embodied approaches to S-STEP research into teacher educator emotion. In Changing practices for changing times: Past, present and future possibilities for self-study research, proceedings of the tenth international conference on self-study of teacher education practices (pp. 82–84). Kingston: Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1984). The subject and power. In B. Wallis (Ed.), Art after postmodernism (pp. 417–432). Boston: Godine Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (1970). The pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of freedom: Ethics, democracy, and civic courage. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (2004). Pedagogy of indignation. Boulder: Paradigm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, M. (1995). Releasing the imagination: Essays on education, the arts, and social learning. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, M., Bassa, L., Johnston, M., & Perselli, V. (2004). Knowledge, social justice and self-study. In J. Loughran, M. Hamilton, V. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (Vol. 1, pp. 651–707). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M., & Pinnegar, S. (2015). Considering the role of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices research in transforming urban classrooms. Studying Teacher Education, 11(2), 180–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harman, R., & French, K. (2004). Critical performative pedagogy: A feasible praxis in teacher education? In J. O’Donnell, M. Pruyn, & R. Chavez (Eds.), Social justice in these times (pp. 97–116). Greenwich: New Information Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinchion, C. & Hall, K. (2016). The uncertainty and fragility of learning to teach: A Britzmanian lens on a student teacher story. Cambridge Journal of Education, 46 (4), 417–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooks, B. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. (1992). Images: A way of understanding the practical knowledge of student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 8(2), 123–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordi, R. (2011). Reframing the concept of reflection: Consciousness, experiential learning, and reflective learning practices. Adult Education Quarterly, 61(2), 181–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchen, J., Ciuffetelli Parker, D., & Gallagher, T. (2008). Authentic conversation as faculty development: Establishing a self-study group in an education college. Studying Teacher Education, 4(2), 157–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitchen, J., Fitzgerald, L., & Tidwell, D. (2016). Self-study and diversity: Looking back, looking forward. In J. Kitchen, L. Fitzgerald, & D. Tidwell (Eds.), Self-study and diversity II: Inclusive teacher education for a diverse world (pp. 1–10). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kroth, M., & Cranton, P. (2014). Stories of transformative learning. Boston: Sense Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • LaBoskey, V. (2004). Afterword moving the methodology of self-study research and practice forward: Challenges and opportunities. In J. J. Loughran, M. L. Hamilton, V. K. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (Vol. 1, pp. 1169–1184). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • LaBoskey, V. (2009). “Name it and claim it”: The methodology of self-study as social justice teacher education. In Research methods for the self-study of practice (pp. 73–82). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • LaBoskey, V. (2015). Self-study for and by novice elementary classroom teachers with social justice aims and the implications for teacher education. Studying Teacher Education, 11(2), 97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, R. (2012). Coming full circle: Reclaiming the body. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 134, 71–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linds, W. (2006). Metaxis: Dancing (in) the in-between. In J. Cohen-Cruz & M. Schutzman (Eds.), A Boal companion: Dialogues on theater and cultural politics (pp. 114–124). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loughran, J. (2002). Understanding self-study of teacher education practices. In J. Loughran & T. Russell (Eds.), Improving teacher education practices through self-study (pp. 239–248). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough, S., Forgasz, R., Berry, M., & Taylor, M. (2016). All brain and still no body: Moving towards a pedagogy of embodiment in teacher education. In D. Garbett & A. Ovens (Eds.), Enacting self-study as methodology for professional inquiry (pp. 433–440). Herstmonceux: S-STEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, S., & Kim, S. (2012). Studying transformative learning: What methodology? In E. Taylor & P. Cranton (Eds.), Handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 56–72). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merryfield, M. (2000). Why aren’t teachers being prepared to teach for diversity, equity, and global interconnectedness? A study of lived experiences in the making of multicultural and global education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 429–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 74, 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J. (1998). On critical reflection. Adult Education Quarterly, 48(3), 185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezirow, J., & Taylor, E. (Eds.). (2011). Transformative learning in practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C., O’Reilly-Scanlon, K., & Weber, S. (Eds.). (2013). Just who do we think we are?: Methodologies for autobiography and self-study in education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nias, J. (1996). Thinking about feeling: The emotions in teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26(3), 293–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieto, S. (2004). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. New York: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, B. (2010). Teaching for success: Developing your teacher identity in today’s classroom. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osterlind, E. (2011). Acting out of habits – Can theatre of the oppressed promote change? Boal’s theatre methods in relation to Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. Research in Drama Education, 13(1), 71–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagis, M. (2009). Embodied self-reflexivity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 72(3), 265–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinnegar, S., & Hamilton, M. L. (2009). Self-study of practice as a genre of qualitative research: Theory, methodology, and practice (Vol. 8). Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Placier, P., Burgoyne, S., Cockrell, K., Welch, S., & Neville, H. (2005a). Learning to teach with theatre of the oppressed. In J. Brophy & S. Pinnegar (Eds.), Learning from research on teaching (pp. 253–280). Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Placier, P., Cockrell, K., Cockrell, D., & Simmons, J. (2005b). Acting upon our beliefs: Using theatre of the oppressed in our teacher education practice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Education Research Association, Montreal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Placier, P., Cockrell, K., Burgoyne, S., Welch, S., Neville, H., & Eferakorho, J. (2008). Theater of the oppressed as an instructional practice. In C. Kosnik, C. Beck, A. Freese, & A. Samaras (Eds.), Making a difference in teacher education through self-study. Studies of personal, professional, and program renewal (pp. 131–146). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popen, S. (2006). Aesthetic spaces/imaginative geographies. In J. Cohen-Cruz & M. Schutzman (Eds.), A Boal companion: Dialogues on theater and cultural politics (pp. 114–124). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prentki, T., & Selman, J. (2000). Popular theater in political culture: Britain and Canada in focus. Bristol: Intellect.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samaras, A. P. (2009). Explorations in using arts-based self-study methods. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 23(6), 719–736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samaras, A. P. (2010). Self-study teacher research: Improving your practice through collaborative inquiry. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satina, B., & Hultgren, F. (2001). The absent body of girls made visible: Embodiment as the focus in education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 20(6), 521–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulte, A. K. (2004). Examples of practice: Professional knowledge and self-study in multicultural teacher education. In J. Loughran, M. Hamilton, V. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (pp. 709–742). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schutzman, M. (2006). Joker runs wild. In J. Cohen-Cruz & M. Schutzman (Eds.), A Boal companion: Dialogues on theater and cultural politics (pp. 133–145). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souto-Manning, M. (2011). Playing with power and privilege: Theatre games in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 27, 997–1007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, R. (2005). Teachers emotions and classroom effectiveness. The Clearing House, 78(5), 229–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tidwell, D. (2002). A balancing act. In J. Loughran & T. Russell (Eds.), Improving teacher education practices through self-study (pp. 30–42). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tidwell, D., & Fitzgerald, L. (Eds.). (2006). Self-study and diversity (Vol. 2). Boston: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, S., & Mitchell, C. (2004). Visual artistic modes of representation for self-study. In J. Loughran, M. Hamilton, V. LaBoskey, & T. Russell (Eds.), International handbook of self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (pp. 979–1037). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeichner, K. (2007). Accumulating knowledge across self-studies in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 58(1), 36–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zembylas, M. (2005). Beyond teacher cognition and teacher beliefs: The value of the ethnography of emotions in teaching. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 18(4), 465–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zembylas, M., & Chubbuck, S. (2012). Growing immigration and multiculturalism in Europe: Teachers’ emotions and the prospects of social justice education. In C. Day (Ed.), The Routledge international handbook of teacher and school development (pp. 139–148). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zembylas, M. & McGlynn, C. (2012). Discomforting pedagogies: Emotional tensions, ethical dilemmas and transformative possibilities. British Educational Research Journal, 38(1), 41–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Foram Bhukhanwala .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Bhukhanwala, F., Dean, K. (2019). Theater of the Oppressed for Social Justice Teacher Education. In: Kitchen, J., Berry, A., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Bullock, S., Taylor, M., Crowe, A. (eds) 2nd International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1710-1_24-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1710-1_24-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1710-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1710-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education

Publish with us

Policies and ethics