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Psychosoziale Aspekte der Nahrungsaufnahme, Verdauung und Ausscheidung

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Funktionelle Magen-Darm-Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

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Zusammenfassung

Der Gastrointestinaltrakt (GIT) ist in seinen Grundfunktionen autonom. Der GIT ist aber sensorisch und motorisch mit dem zentralen Nervensystem (ZNS) verbunden, sodass die gastrointestinalen Grundfunktionen in den Verhaltenskontext eingebunden werden. Besondere Bedeutung haben hier die Warnsysteme, die der Abwehr von Körperschädigungen dienen. Dazu gehören sowohl Spinalnerven, die nozizeptive Reflexe und Schmerzempfindungen auslösen, als auch Vagusafferenzen, die eine Krankheitsreaktion induzieren.

Aus Studien wissen wir, dass psychische und körperliche Vorgänge im GIT eng miteinander verbunden sind, unter anderem über hormonelle Systeme oder das vegetative Nervensystem mit Sympathikus und Parasympathikus. Solche Zusammenhänge werden sichtbar, wenn wir in angstauslösenden Situationen wiederholt zur Toilette müssen oder Bauchschmerzen bekommen. Im Umkehrschluss können körperliche Beschwerden aber auch Ängste auslösen und bei länger anhaltenden Symptomen zu depressiven Verstimmungen führen. Hierbei spielt die Hirn-Darm-Achse eine wichtige Rolle.

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  1. Münchenstein, Schweiz

    Margarete Bolten

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Bolten, M. (2022). Psychosoziale Aspekte der Nahrungsaufnahme, Verdauung und Ausscheidung. In: Funktionelle Magen-Darm-Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64253-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64253-5_2

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