Zusammenfassung
Im Gegensatz zur Genetik, die den Bauplan für die Erbinformationen in der DNA kodiert, regelt die Epigenetik die Nutzung dieser Informationen. So ist es möglich, dass Zellen im Körper unterschiedlichste Funktionen erfüllen können, obwohl sie in der Regel die identischen Chromosomensätze besitzen. Epigenetische Mechanismen beschreiben die an Tochterzellen mitotisch und meiotisch vererbbaren Veränderungen in der Genfunktion, die nicht aus einer DNA-Sequenzveränderung resultieren. Sie wirken über DNA-Methylierung, Histonmodifikationen und nicht kodierende RNAs, die die Zugänglichkeit des Chromatins modifizieren bzw. die mRNA-Dosis abgelesener Gene verändert. Die Gesamtheit dieser Modifikationen im Genom einer Zelle bezeichnet man als das Epigenom dieser Zelle.
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Zabel, B., Prawitt, D. (2020). Epigenetik. In: Hoffmann, G.F., Lentze, M.J., Spranger, J., Zepp, F., Berner, R. (eds) Pädiatrie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60300-0_38
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