Skip to main content

Wirtschaftliche, politische und soziale Auswirkungen des Aufstiegs neuer Mittelschichten

  • Chapter
Die großen Schwellenländer

Part of the book series: Globale Politische Ökonomie ((GPÖ))

  • 6386 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

In der letzten Dekade ist das Einkommen von etwa einer Milliarde Menschen so stark gewachsen, dass vom „Wachstum einer globalen Mittelschicht“ gesprochen wird. Im Folgenden werden drei Fragen beantwortet: In welcher Hinsicht können die neuen Mittelschichten tatsächlich als Mittelschichten im klassischen Sinne verstanden werden? Welche wirtschaftlichen, politischen und sozialen Auswirkungen sind mit diesen Einkommenszuwächsen verbunden? Entsprechen sie den Modernisierungsprozessen westlicher Gesellschaften? Ergebnis der Analyse ist, dass (a) die Einkommen der neuen Mittelschichten gegenwärtig und in den nächsten Jahrzehnten erheblich unter denen der reichen Länder liegen werden und (b) die Verteilung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Macht in den meisten Schwellenländern nicht so gestaltet ist wie in Europa oder Nordamerika zu Beginn des letzten Jahrhunderts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Die Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) wurde 1960 gegründet. Ursprünglich hatte sie 18 Mitgliedstaaten in Nordamerika und Westeuropa, heute zählt sie 34 Mitglieder und umfasst die meisten Industrieländer sowie Mexiko, Chile und die Türkei.

Literatur

  • Ali, Ifsal. 2007. Inequality and the Imperative for Inclusive Growth in Asia. Asian Development Review 24 (2): 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asian Development Bank. 2010. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010. Manila.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, Anthony B., und Andrea Brandolini. 2011. On the Identification of the „Middle class“. Society for the Study of Economic Inequality Working Paper ECINEQ 2011. Nr. 217. Palma de Mallorca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, Abhijit, und Esther Duflo. 2008. What is Middle Class about the Middle Classes around the World? Journal of Economic Perspectives 22 (2): 3–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, Nancy. 2010. The Indispensible Middle Class in Developing Countries. In Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World, hrsg. Ravi Kanbur und Michael Spenc, 157–187. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdsall, Nancy, Carol Graham, und Stefano Pettinato. 2000. Stuck in a Tunnel: Is Globalization Muddling the Middle Class? Brookings Institution Working Paper. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, Stephen. 2009. The End of Certainty: Towards a new Internationalism. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, Marc, Nicolas Papadopoulos, Michel Laroche, József Berács, Annika Hallberg, Statia Elliott, José I. Rojas Mendéz, Roberto Solano, Leslie T. Szamosi, und Bigyan Verma. 2007. Ethnic Identity, Consumer Ethnocentrism, and Materialism: An International Exploration of Convergence and Divergence. Proceedings of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada Annual Conference 28 (3): 290–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Mooij, Marieke, und Gert Hofstede. 2002. Convergence and Divergence in Consumer Behavior: Implications for International Retailing. Journal of Retailing 78 (1): 61–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterly, William. 2001. The Middle Class Consensus and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Growth 6 (4): 317–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, Leela. 2000. Restructuring the New Middle Class in Liberalizing India. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 20 (1, 2): 88–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ger, Güliz, und Russel Belk. 1996. I’d like to buy the World a Coke: Consumptionscapes of the „less affluent World“. Journal of Consumer Policy 19: 271–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillebrand, Evan. 2008. The Global Distribution of Income in 2050. World Development 36 (5): 727–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, Gert. 1980. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • ILO. 2011. Social Protection Floor for a Fair and Inclusive Globalization. Report of the advisory group chaired by Michelle Bachelet. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, Sanjay. 2012. Thinking about Modernity from the Margins: the Making of a Middle Class in Colonial India. In The Making of the Middle Class. Toward a Transnational History, hrsg. Ricardo López und Barbara Weinstein, 29–44. Durham: Duke Universtity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanbur, Ravi, und Michael Spence. 2010. Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kharas, Homi. 2010. The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Working Paper No. 285. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharas, Homi, und Geoffrey Gertz. 2010. The new Global Middle Class: A Cross-over from West to East. In China’s Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation, hrsg. Cheng Li, 32–54. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Cheng. 2010. Introduction: The Rise of the Middle Class in the Middle Kingdom. In China’s Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation, hrsg. Cheng Li, 3–31. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, Seymour M. 1959. Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. The American Political Science Review 53 (1): 69–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liechty, Mark 2002: Suitably Modern: Making Middle-class Culture in a New Consumer Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewe, Markus, und Nicole Rippin. 2012. Globale Armutsstrukturen im Wandel. DIE Analysen und Stellungsnahmen 7. Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • López, Ricardo, und Barbara Weinstein. 2012. Introduction: We Shall Be All. Toward a Transnational History of the Middle Class. In The Making of the Middle Class. Toward a transnational history, hrsg. Ricardo López und Barbara Weinstein, 1–25. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2010. Perspectives in Global Development 2010: Shifting Wealth. Paris: OECD.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2011. Divided we stand: why inequality keeps rising. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Öchsner, Thomas. 2012. Was der Armutsbericht über Deutschland verrät. Süddeutsche Zeitung. http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/bundesregierung-was-der-armutsbericht-ueber-deutschland-verraet–1.1470897. Zugegriffen: 02. Oktober 2012.

  • Pew Research Center. 2009. “The Global Middle Class: Views on Democracy, Religion, Values and Life Satisfaction in Emerging Nations”. http://www.pewglobal.org/2009/02/12/the-global-middle-class. Zugegriffen: 02. Februar 2013.

  • Pickel, Susanne. 2012. Mittelschichten als Antriebskraft politischer Umbrüche? Lehren aus dem Arabischen Frühling. In Globale Trends 2013. Frieden – Entwicklung – Umwelt, hrsg. Tobias Debiel, Jochen Hippler, Michele Roth, Cornelia Ulbert, 137–155. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravallion, Martin. 2009. The Developing World’s Bulging but Vulnerable „Middle Class“. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4816. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockström, Johan, Will Steffen, Kevin Noone, Åsa Persson, F. Stuart Chapin, Eric F. Lambin, Timothy M. Lenton, Marten Scheffer, Carl Folke, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Björn Nykvist, Cynthia A. de Wit, Terry Hughes, Sander van der Leeuw, Henning Rodhe, Sverker Sörlin, Peter K. Snyder, Robert Costanza, Uno Svedin, Malin Falkenmark, Louise Karlberg, Robert W. Corell, Victoria J. Fabry, James Hansen, Brian Walker, Diana Liverman, Katherine Richardson, Paul Crutzen, und Jonathan A. Foley. 2009. A Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Nature 461: 472–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. 2006. The World Distribution of Income: Falling Poverty and Convergence, period. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121 (2): 351–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savani, Krishna, Hazel Rose Markus, und Alana L. Conner. 2008. Let your Preference be your Guide? Preferences and Choices are more tightly linked for North Americans than for Indians. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95 (4): 861–876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Amartya. 1990. Development as Capability Expansion. In Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s, hrsg. Keith Griffing und John Knight, 41–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. 2011. Human Development Report 2011: Sustainability and Equity: A better Future for All. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ittersum, Koert, und Nancy Wong. 2010. The Lexus or the Olive Tree? Trading off between Global Convergence and Local Divergence. International Journal of Market Research 27 (2): 107–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, Richard, und Kate E. Pickett. 2009. Income Inequality and Social Dysfunction. Annual Review of Sociology 35 (1): 493–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Dominic, und Raluca Dragusanu. 2008. The Expanding Middle: The Exploding World Middle Class and Falling Global Inequality. Goldman Sachs & Co. Global Economic Paper No 170. New York: Goldman Sachs.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. 2006. World Development Report 2006. Equity and Development. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. 2007. Global Economic Prospects: Managing the next Wave of Globalization, Washington DC: World Bank Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Erik O. 1997. Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Erik O. 2009. Understanding Class: Towards an Integrated Analytical Approach. New Left Review 60: 101–116.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alejandro Guarin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guarin, A., Furness, M., Scholz, I., Weinlich, S. (2014). Wirtschaftliche, politische und soziale Auswirkungen des Aufstiegs neuer Mittelschichten. In: Nölke, A., May, C., Claar, S. (eds) Die großen Schwellenländer. Globale Politische Ökonomie. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02537-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics