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Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle

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Die Intensivmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Hypothermie entsteht ab einer Körperkerntemperatur von <35 °C. Kinder kühlen infolge ihres größeren Verhältnisses von Körperoberfläche zu -masse deutlich schneller aus als Erwachsene. Hypotherme Patienten sollten nur behutsam in ständiger Reanimationsbereitschaft bewegt werden. Bei 18 °C Körperkerntemperatur kann das Gehirn einen Kreislaufstillstand bis zu 10× länger tolerieren als bei 37 °C.

Die Symptome des Ertrinkens (häufig von Hypothermie begleitet) ähneln einer akuten Trachealobstruktion mit rasch zunehmender Hypoxie. Bei der Notfallbehandlung steht die Beseitigung der Hypoxämie im Vordergrund, die Intensivtherapie erfolgt nach evidenzbasierten Standards.

Echte Tauchunfälle umfassen Barotraumen und die Dekompressionskrankheit, unterschieden in der Akutphase in Typ 1 (Leitsymptom muskuloskelettale Schmerzen) und Typ 2 (neurologische Leitsymptome). Treten innerhalb der ersten 24 h nach einem Tauchgang Leitsymptome auf, muss an eine Dekompressionskrankheit gedacht werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Notfallmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    Jan-Christoph Lewejohann

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  1. Jan-Christoph Lewejohann
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Correspondence to Jan-Christoph Lewejohann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, RWTH Aachen Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    Gernot Marx

  2. Klinik für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland

    Elke Muhl

  3. Dir. der Klinik fuer Anaesthesie Intensivmed. und Schmerzther., Frankfurt, Hessen, Deutschland

    Kai Zacharowski

  4. Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Deutschland

    Stefan Zeuzem

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Lewejohann, JC. (2022). Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle. In: Marx, G., Muhl, E., Zacharowski, K., Zeuzem, S. (eds) Die Intensivmedizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54675-4

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  1. Latest

    Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle
    Published:
    28 September 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-2

  2. Original

    Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle
    Published:
    13 March 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-1

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