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Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle

Die Intensivmedizin

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

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Zusammenfassung

Hypothermie entsteht ab einer Körperkerntemperatur von <35 °C. Kinder kühlen infolge ihres größeren Verhältnisses von Körperoberfläche zu -masse deutlich schneller aus als Erwachsene. Hypotherme Patienten sollten nur behutsam in ständiger Reanimationsbereitschaft bewegt werden. Bei 18 °C Körperkerntemperatur kann das Gehirn einen Kreislaufstillstand bis zu 10× länger tolerieren als bei 37 °C.

Die Symptome des Ertrinkens (häufig von Hypothermie begleitet) ähneln einer akuten Trachealobstruktion mit rasch zunehmender Hypoxie. Bei der Notfallbehandlung steht die Beseitigung der Hypoxämie im Vordergrund, die Intensivtherapie erfolgt nach evidenzbasierten Standards.

Echte Tauchunfälle umfassen Barotraumen und die Dekompressionskrankheit, unterschieden in der Akutphase in Typ 1 (Leitsymptom muskuloskelettale Schmerzen) und Typ 2 (neurologische Leitsymptome). Treten innerhalb der ersten 24 h nach einem Tauchgang Leitsymptome auf, muss an eine Dekompressionskrankheit gedacht werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland

    J.-C. Lewejohann

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  1. J.-C. Lewejohann
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Correspondence to J.-C. Lewejohann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, RWTH Aachen Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Gernot Marx

  2. Klinik für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Elke Muhl

  3. Dir. der Klinik fuer Anaesthesie Intensivmed. und Schmerzther., Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany

    Kai Zacharowski

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Lewejohann, JC. (2015). Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle. In: Marx, G., Muhl, E., Zacharowski, K. (eds) Die Intensivmedizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54675-4

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  1. Latest

    Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle
    Published:
    28 September 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-2

  2. Original

    Unterkühlung, Ertrinken und Tauchunfälle
    Published:
    13 March 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54675-4_94-1

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