Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen von Verletzungen des Kopfes nehmen Gehirnerschütterungen eine relevante Bedeutung ein. Verletzungen des Kopfes zählen in Deutschland zu den häufigsten Ursachen einer Krankenhausbehandlung. Sowohl bei Mädchen als auch bei Jungen unter 15 Jahren ist die Gehirnerschütterung die Top-1-Diagnose. Die am meisten gefährdete Altersgruppe umfasst Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 12–19 Jahren. Gerade das kindliche Gehirn ist durch seine andauernde Entwicklung und Anpassung besonders gefährdet. Der Begriff Gehirnerschütterung ist nicht klar definiert. Es wird teilweise mit dem leichten Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT, „mild traumatic brain injury“, mTBI) gleichgesetzt und stellt die vermeintlich am wenigsten ausgeprägte Form eines SHT dar.
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Anhang
Anhang
1.1 Fragebogen 1 zu Symptomen nach Gehirnerschütterung – Beantwortung durch die Eltern des betroffenen Kindes
Markieren Sie in der jeweiligen Zeile, ob das Symptom bei Ihrem Kind vorhanden ist (1–3) oder nicht (0). Falls dieses Symptom besteht, markieren Sie, wie häufig sie meinen, dass das Symptom besteht: 1 = selten, 2 = manchmal, 3 = oft
Symptom-Fragebogen Kleinkinder – Beantwortung durch die Eltern | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Das Kind: | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
gibt Kopfschmerzen an | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
fühlt sich schwindelig | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat das Gefühl, der Raum würde sich drehen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
fühlt sich schwach | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
sagt, dass es verschwommen sehe | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
sieht Doppelbilder | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
klagt über Übelkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
klagt über Nackenschmerzen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
ist häufig müde | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
wird leicht müde | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Schwierigkeiten, aufmerksam zu sein | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
ist leicht abzulenken | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Schwierigkeiten, sich zu konzentrieren | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Schwierigkeiten, sich zu erinnern, was es gesagt hat | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Probleme, Anweisungen auszuführen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
träumt am Tag zu viel/neigt zu Tagträumen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
ist immer wieder mal verwirrt | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
vergisst mehr als sonst | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Schwierigkeiten, Aufgaben zu erledigen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
kann Probleme/Aufgaben schlecht lösen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
hat Schwierigkeiten zu lernen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Gesamtanzahl vorhandener Symptome | von 21 | |||
Symptomschwere | von 63 |
1.2 Fragebogen 2 zu Symptomen nach Gehirnerschütterung – Beantwortung durch das betroffene Kind
Markiere bitte in der j_eweiligen Zeile, ob das Symptom vorhanden ist (1–3) oder nicht (0). Falls dieses Symptom besteht, markiere bitte, wie häufig du meinst, dass das Symptom besteht: 1 = selten, 2 = manchmal, 3 = oft
Symptom-Fragebogen Kleinkinder – Beantwortung durch das betroffene Kind (<12 Jahre) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Kopfschmerzen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Druckgefühl im Kopf | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Nackenschmerzen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Übelkeit oder Erbrechen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Schwindelgefühl | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Verschwommenes Sehen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Gleichgewichtsprobleme | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Lichtempfindlichkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Geräuschempfindlichkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Gefühl „verlangsamt/langsam zu sein“ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Gefühl „wie im Nebel/benebelt zu sein“ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
„Etwas stimmt nicht mit mir“ – ich fühle mich nicht richtig | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Schwierigkeiten, mich zu konzentrieren | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Schwierigkeiten, mich zu erinnern | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Erschöpfung/Ermüdung/wenig Energie | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Verwirrtheit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Schläfrigkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Schwierigkeiten einzuschlafen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Emotionaler als gewohnt | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Reizbarkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Traurigkeit | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Gesamtanzahl vorhandener Symptome | von 22 | |||
Symptomschwere | von 132 |
1.3 Fragebogen 3 zu Symptomen nach Gehirnerschütterung – Beantwortung durch die/den betroffene(n) Jugendliche(n)
Markiere bitte in der jeweiligen Zeile, ob das Symptom vorhanden ist (1–6) oder nicht (0). Falls dieses Symptom besteht, markiere bitte, wie stark Du das Symptom einschätzt:
1 = leicht, 2 = leicht, 3 = mäßig, 4 = mäßig, 5 = stark, 6 = stark
Symptom-Fragebogen Jugendliche (12–18 Jahre) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kein | Leicht | Mäßig | Stark | ||||
Ich habe Kopfschmerzen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich fühle mich schwindelig | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe das Gefühl, dass sich der Raum dreht | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe das Gefühl, in Ohnmacht zu fallen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich sehe verschwommen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich sehe alles doppelt | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Mir ist übel, ich muss eventuell brechen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Mein Nacken tut weh | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich bin häufig müde | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich werde leicht müde | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Schwierigkeiten, aufmerksam zu sein | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich bin leicht abzulenken | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Schwierigkeiten, mich zu konzentrieren | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Schwierigkeiten, mich zu erinnern, was mir gesagt wurde | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Probleme, Anweisungen auszuführen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich träume am Tag häufig | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich fühle mich immer wieder mal verwirrt | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich vergesse Sachen/Dinge | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Schwierigkeiten, Dinge zu beenden | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Ich habe Schwierigkeiten, Aufgaben zu beenden | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Mir fällt es schwer, neue Dinge zu lernen | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
Gesamtanzahl vorhandener Symptome | von 21 | ||||||
Symptomschwere | von 63 |
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Gänsslen, A. et al. (2021). Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma – Gehirnerschütterung. In: Engelhardt, M., Raschke, M. (eds) Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54673-0_229-1
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