Abstract
Orbital and periorbital infections are relatively common, and identification of the causative agent(s) is essential if the risk of ocular, orbital, and systemic morbidity is to be avoided. Loss of vision can occur in over 10% of patients, and systemic sequelae include meningitis, intracranial abscess, and death. Numerous organisms can infect the orbit – with the commonest being bacteria – and extension of an infective process from neighboring ethmoid sinuses is the commonest cause of orbital infections for all ages. Management of orbital cellulitis involves urgent intravenous antibiotics, rehydration, and treatment of any coexistent underlying systemic disease. Finally, unusual infectious agents should always be considered in debilitated or immunocompromised patients or in those who fail to respond to appropriate first-line therapy.
This chapter addresses the approach to identifying and managing common infectious processes of the orbit in children and adults and discusses other unusual organisms, including mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
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Azzam, S.H., Verity, D.H., Briscoe, D., Mathewson, P., Rose, G.E. (2020). Orbital Infections. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_60-1
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