Abstract
The electrical response of the polymer nanocomposite is based on the knowledge of dielectric and conductive properties of carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposite. Generally most polymer matrices are excellent insulating materials, they act as a dielectric materials only with the incorporation of the nano-reinforcing fillers. This chapter details the influence of carbon nanotubes on both the dielectric and conductive properties of polymer nanocomposite along with brief idea about dielectrics, AC as well as DC conductivity, and the factors affecting these. Dielectric and electrical applications of polymer nanocomposites are also incorporated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelrazek EM, Abdelghany AM, Tarabiah AE, Zidan HM (2019) AC conductivity and dielectric characteristics of PVA/PVP nanocomposite filled with MWCNTs. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 30:15521–15533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01929-2
Abraham J, Mohammed Arif P, Xavier P et al (2017) Investigation into dielectric behaviour and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of conducting styrene butadiene rubber composites containing ionic liquid modi fi ed MWCNT. Polymer (Guildf) 112:102–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.078
Anju VP, Narayanankutty SK (2019) High dielectric constant polymer nanocomposite for embedded capacitor applications. Mater Sci Eng B 249:114418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2019.114418
Athanasopoulos N, Baltopoulos A, Matzakou M et al (2012) Electrical conductivity of polyurethane/MWCNT nanocomposite foams. Polym Compos 33:1302–1312. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22256
Ayatollahi MR, Shadlou S, Shokrieh MM, Chitsazzadeh M (2011) Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube aspect ratio on mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites. Polym Test 30:548–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.04.008
Bauhofer W, Kovacs JZ (2009) A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 69:1486–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018
Behnam A, Guo J, Ural A (2007) Effects of nanotube alignment and measurement direction on percolation resistivity in single-walled carbon nanotube films. J Appl Phys 102:44313. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2769953
Bokobza L (2012) Enhanced electrical and mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube rubber composites. Polym Adv Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3027
Bose S, Bhattacharyya AR, Bondre AP et al (2008) Rheology, electrical conductivity, and the phase behavior of cocontinuous PA6/ABS blends with MWNT: correlating the aspect ratio of MWNT with the percolation threshold. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 46:1619–1631. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb
Broza G, Piszczek K, Schulte K, Sterzynski T (2007) Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Compos Sci Technol 67:890–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.033
Bryning MB, Islam MF, Kikkawa JM, Yodh AG (2005) Very low conductivity threshold in bulk isotropic single-walled Ccrbon nanotube-epoxy composites. Adv Mater 17:1186–1191. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401649
Campbell J (2001) Dielectric relaxation studies of miscible polycarbonate/polyester blends. Polymer (Guildf) 42:4731–4741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00839-9
Castillo FY, Socher R, Krause B et al (2011) Electrical, mechanical, and glass transition behavior of polycarbonate-based nanocomposites with different multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer (Guildf) 52:3835–3845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.018
Chang E, Ameli A, Mark LH, Park CB (2015) Effects of uniaxial and biaxial orientation on fiber Percolation in conductive polymer composites. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, p 20027
Chen J, Yan L (2018) Effect of carbon nanotube aspect ratio on the thermal and electrical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Fuller Nanotub Carbon Nanost 26:697–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2018.1476345
Choudhary V, Gupta A (2011) Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes-polymer nanocomposites, pp 65–90
Cipriano BH, Kota AK, Gershon AL et al (2008) Conductivity enhancement of carbon nanotube and nanofiber-based polymer nanocomposites by melt annealing. Polymer (Guildf) 49:4846–4851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.08.057
Dang Z-M, Wang L, Yin Y et al (2007) Giant dielectric permittivities in functionalized carbon-nanotube/electroactive-polymer nanocomposites. Adv Mater 19:852–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200600703
Du F, Fischer JE, Winey KI (2005) Effect of nanotube alignment on percolation conductivity in carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Phys Rev B 72:121404. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.121404
Feng Y, Zou H, Tian M et al (2012) Relationship between dispersion and conductivity of polymer nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B 116:13081–13088
Gao J, He Y, Gong X (2018) Effect of electric field induced alignment and dispersion of functionalized carbon nanotubes on properties of natural rubber. Results Phys 9:493–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.02.074
Guo J, Liu Y, Prada-silvy R et al (2014) Aspect ratio effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on electrical , mechanical , and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 52:73–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.23402
Han J-H, Zhang H, Chen M-J et al (2014) CNT buckypaper/thermoplastic polyurethane composites with enhanced stiffness, strength and toughness. Compos Sci Technol 103:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.08.015
Hooper JB, Schweizer KS (2005) Contact aggregation, bridging, and steric stabilization in dense polymer – particle mixtures. Macromolecules 38:8858–8869
Hu N, Masuda Z, Yamamoto G et al (2008) Effect of fabrication process on electrical properties of polymer/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Compos Part A 39:893–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.01.002
Huang JH, Song Y, Chen XX et al (2017) Flexible fabric-based wearable solid-state supercapacitor. In: 2017 IEEE 12th international conference on nano/micro engineered and molecular systems, NEMS 2017, pp 169–172
Jeon K, Warnock S, Ruiz-orta C et al (2010) Role of matrix crystallinity in carbon nanotube dispersion and electrical conductivity of iPP-based nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 48:2084–2096. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.22089
Jia L-C, Yan D-X, Cui C-H, Jiang X, Ji X, Li Z-M (2015) Electrically conductive and electromagnetic interference shielding of polyethylene composites with devisable carbon nanotube networks. J Mater Chem C 3:9369–9378. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC01822F
Jiang F, Zhang L, Jiang Y et al (2012) Effect of annealing treatment on the structure and properties of polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 126:845–852. https://doi.org/10.1002/app
Kale S, Sabet FA, Jasiuk I, Ostoja-Starzewski M (2016) Effect of filler alignment on percolation in polymer nanocomposites using tunneling-percolation model. J Appl Phys 120:45105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4959610
Khan SU, Pothnis JR, Kim J-K (2013) Effects of carbon nanotube alignment on electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Compos Part A 49:26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.01.015
Kim T, Kim H (2010) Effect of acid-treated carbon nanotube and amine-terminated polydimethylsiloxane on the rheological properties of polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube composite system. Korea Aust Rheol J 22:205–210
Kong LB, Li S, Zhang TS et al (2010) Electrically tunable dielectric materials and strategies to improve their performances. Prog Mater Sci 55:840–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.04.004
Kripotou S, Sovatzoglou S, Pandis C et al (2016) Effects of CNT inclusions on structure and dielectric properties of PVDF/CNT nanocomposites. Phase Transit 1594. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411594.2016.1180518
Kumar N, Prasad B (2020) Materials today : proceedings single-walled carbon nanotube filled thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites: influence of ionic liquid on dielectric properties. Mater Today Proc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.713
Kyrylyuk AV, van der Schoot P (2008) Continuum percolation of carbon nanotubes in polymeric and colloidal media. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:8221–8226
Laredo E, Grimau M, Bello A et al (2010) AC conductivity of selectively located carbon nanotubes in poly (ε-caprolactone)/polylactide blend nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 11:1339–1347
Liu L, Matitsine S, Gan YB et al (2007) Frequency dependence of effective permittivity of carbon nanotube composites. J Appl Phys 101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2728765
Liu J, Gao Y, Cao D et al (2011a) Nanoparticle dispersion and aggregation in polymer nanocomposites: insights from molecular dynamics simulation. Langmuir 27:7926–7933
Liu L, Ma W, Zhang Z (2011b) Macroscopic carbon nanotube assemblies: preparation, properties, and potential applications. Small 7:1504–1520. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201002198
Lu X, Zhang A, Dubrunfaut O et al (2020) Numerical modeling and experimental characterization of the AC conductivity and dielectric properties of CNT / polymer nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 194:108150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108150
Ma W, Liu L, Zhang Z et al (2009) High-strength composite fibers: realizing true potential of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix through continuous reticulate architecture and molecular level couplings. Nano Lett 9:2855–2861. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901035v
Maity KP, Patra A, Prasad V (2020) Influence of chemical functionalization of carbon nanotube on low temperature ac conductivity with polyaniline composites. J Phys D Appl Phys 53:125303
Martin CA, Sandler JKM, Shaffer MSP et al (2004) Formation of percolating networks in multi-wall carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 64:2309–2316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.01.025
Mittal G, Dhand V, Rhee KY et al (2015) A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem 21:11–25
Mora A, Verma P, Kumar S (2020) Electrical conductivity of CNT/polymer composites: 3D printing, measurements and modeling. Compos Part B 183:107600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107600
Mutiso RM, Winey KI (2015) Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers. Prog Polym Sci 40:63–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.06.002
Nayak, Suryakanta, Tapan Kumar Chaki and DK (2013) Development of poly (dimethylsiloxane)/BaTiO3 nanocomposites as dielectric material. Adv Mater Res 622:897–900
Ngabonziza Y, Li J, Barry CF (2011) Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites. Acta Mech 220:289–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-011-0486-y
Nizamuddin S, Maryam S, Baloch HA, Siddiqui MTH, Takkalkar P, Mubarak NM, Jatoi AS et al (2019) Electrical properties of sustainable nano-composites containing nano-fillers: dielectric properties and electrical conductivity. In: Sustainable polymer composites and nanocomposites. Springer, Cham, pp 899–914
Ponnamma D, Ninan N, Thomas S (2018) Carbon nanotube tube filled polymer nanocomposites and their applications in tissue engineering. In: Applications of nanomaterials. Woodhead Publishing, pp 391–414
Poplavko YM (2019) Electronic materials: principles and applied science. Elsevier
Quan B, Shi W, Ong SJH et al (2019) Defect engineering in two common types of dielectric materials for electromagnetic absorption applications. Adv Funct Mater 29:1901236. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201901236
Rosca ID, Hoa SV (2009) Highly conductive multiwall carbon nanotube and epoxy composites produced by three-roll milling. Carbon N Y 47:1958–1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.03.039
Roy S, Ryan J, Webster S, Nepal D (2017) A review of in situ mechanical characterization of polymer nanocomposites: prospect and challenges. Appl Mech Rev 69. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038257
Sahoo NG, Rana S, Cho JW et al (2010) Polymer nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes. Prog Polym Sci 35:837–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.03.002
Samir Z, El Merabet Y, Graça MPF, Soreto Teixeira S, Achour ME, LCC (2018) Impedance spectroscopy study of polyester/carbon nanotube composites. Polym Compos 39:1297–1302. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24067
Sandler JKW, Kirk JE, Kinloch IA et al (2003) Ultra-low electrical percolation threshold in carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites. Poly 44:5893–5899. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00539-1
Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Caramella C (2016) Clay minerals for tissue regeneration, repair, and engineering. In: Wound healing biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing, pp 385–402
Spitalsky Z, Tasis D, Papagelis K, Galiotis C (2010) Carbon nanotube – polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties. Prog Polym Sci 35:357–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.09.003
Subramaniam K, Das A, Heinrich G (2011) Development of conducting polychloroprene rubber using imidazolium based ionic liquid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 71:1441–1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.05.018
Tanabi H, Erdal M (2019) Effect of CNTs dispersion on electrical , mechanical and strain sensing properties of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Results Phys 12:486–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.081
Tang Z, Jia S, Shi S et al (2018) Coaxial carbon nanotube/polymer fibers as wearable piezoresistive sensors. Sensors Actuators A Phys 284:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.10.012
Tang Z, Jia S, Shi X et al (2019) Coaxial printing of silicone elastomer composite Fibers for stretchable and wearable Piezoresistive sensors. Polymers (Basel) 11:666. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11040666
Tang Z, Jia S, Zhou C, Li B (2020) 3D printing of highly sensitive and large-measurement-range flexible pressure sensors with a positive Piezoresistive effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:28669–28680. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c06977
Tawade BV, Apata IE, Singh M et al (2021) Recent developments in the synthesis of chemically modified nanomaterials for use in dielectric and electronics applications. Nanotechnology 32:142004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abcf6c
Thomas PS, Abdullateef AA (2012) Electrical properties of natural rubber nanocomposites: effect of 1-octadecanol functionalization of carbon nanotubes. J Mater Sci 47(7):3344–3349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6174-4
Tjong SC (ed) (2012) Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites. In: Polymer composites with carbonaceous nanofillers: properties and applications, 5th edn. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, pp 193–245
Tjong SC, Liang GD, Bao SP (2007) Electrical behavior of polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites with low percolation threshold. Scr Mater 57:461–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.05.035
Tsonos C (2001) Electrical and dielectric behavior in blends of polyurethane-based ionomers. Solid State Ionics 143:229–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00858-X
Vargas-Bernal R, Herrera-Perez G, Calixto-Olalde ME, Tecpoyotl-Torres M (2013) Analysis of DC electrical conductivity models of carbon nanotube-polymer composites with potential application to nanometric electronic devices. J Electr Comput Eng 2013:1–14
Vavouliotis A, Fiamegou E, Karapappas P et al (2010) DC and AC conductivity in epoxy resin/multiwall carbon nanotubes percolative system. Polym Compos 31:1874–1880. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20981
Wang L, Dang ZM (2005) Carbon nanotube composites with high dielectric constant at low percolation threshold. Appl Phys Lett 87:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1996842
Wu W, Liu T, Zhang D et al (2019) Significantly improved dielectric properties of polylactide nanocomposites via TiO2 decorated carbon nanotubes. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 127:105650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105650
Xie X-L, Mai Y-W, Zhou X-P (2005) Dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix: a review. Mater Sci Eng R Reports 49:89–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2005.04.002
Xue Q, Sun J (2016) Electrical conductivity and percolation behavior of polymer nanocomposites. In: Polymer nanocomposites. Springer, Cham, pp 51–82
Yakuphanoglu F, Yahia IS, Barim G, Senkal BF (2010) Double-walled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites: electrical properties under dc and ac fields. Synth Met 160:1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.06.007
Yuan J-K, Li W-L, Yao S-H et al (2011a) High dielectric permittivity and low percolation threshold in polymer composites based on SiC-carbon nanotubes micro/nano hybrid. Appl Phys Lett 98:32901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3544942
Yuan J-K, Yao S-H, Dang Z-M et al (2011b) Giant dielectric permittivity nanocomposites: realizing true potential of pristine carbon nanotubes in Polyvinylidene fluoride matrix through an enhanced interfacial interaction. J Phys Chem C 115:5515–5521. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1117163
Yuen S-M, Ma C-CM, Chiang C et al (2008) Poly(vinyltriethoxysilane) modified MWCNT/polyimide nanocomposites – preparation, morphological, mechanical and electrical properties. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46:803–816. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola
Zhang W, Dehghani-Sanij AA, Blackburn RS (2007) Carbon based conductive polymer composites. J Mater Sci 42:3408–3418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1688-5
Zhang Y, Zheng D, Pang H et al (2012) The effect of molecular chain polarity on electric field-induced aligned conductive carbon nanotube network formation in polymer melt. Compos Sci Technol 72:1875–1881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.08.003
Zheng X, Huang Y, Zheng S et al (2019) Improved dielectric properties of polymer-based composites with carboxylic functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 32:473–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718762614
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sivadas, A., Akhina, H., Mrudula, M.S., Chandran, N. (2022). Dielectric and Electrical Conductivity Studies of Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Composites. In: Abraham, J., Thomas, S., Kalarikkal, N. (eds) Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70614-6_22-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70614-6_22-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70614-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70614-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics